VIOLA.] VIOLACE^E. 45 



Jord. (sp.); more hairy, with longer runners (possibly a hybrid of hirta with 

 oilorata). Yorkshire. 



** Stem evident. Leaves not enlarging after flowering . Sepals acute or acuminate. 

 4. V. cani'na, L. ; perennial, leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate or 

 oblong-lanceolate, stipules small narrow, toothed arid ciliate, style hooked, 

 stigma acute, fruiting peduncles erect. Dog-violet. 



Woods, pastures, and banks ; fl. April- Aug. Very variable in size, habit, and 

 colour of flower, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves erenate-serrate, varying in 

 the sub-species from broadly ovate and deeply cordate ^ in. , to oblong-lanceo- 

 late and 3 in. ; stipules subulate linear or lanceolate. Bracts at or above the 

 middle of the peduncle, subulate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate. Flowei- 

 Jt-lJ in. cliam., blue, lilac, grey or white. Sepals narrow, acuminate. Cap- 

 sule oblong, 3-gonous. DISTKIB. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia to the 

 Himalaya, N. Africa. 



The following is Mr. J. G. Baker's disposition of the sub-species of this variable 

 plant : 



1. Main stem elongated, branching and flowering. 



Sub-sp. CANI'NA proper ; rootstock short, stolons 0, leaves narrow ovate-cordate, 

 spur obtuse, anther spurs 5 tunes as long as broad. V. flavicor'nis, Sm. ; 

 pu'mila, Hook, and Am. Extends into Arctic Europe, Siberia, ^>d Green- 

 land. 



Sub-sp. LAC'TEA, Sm. (sp.) ; rootstock short, stolons 0, leaves ovate -lanceolate, 

 base rounded or cuneate, petals narrow grey, spur very short, capsule sub- 

 globose. Heaths, E. England ; confined to W. Europe. 



Sub-sp. STAGNI'NA, Kitaib. (sp.); rootstock elongated stoloniferous, leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate base truncate, upper narrower, petals pale lilac or white, 

 spur very short, capsule 3-gonous. Bogs, E. of England, Galway; extends 

 into Siberia. 



2. Main stem with a rosette of radical leaves ; 'flowering-stem axillary. 

 Sub-sp. SYLVAT'ICA, Fries (sp.); rootstock 0, leaves broadly ovate-cordate 

 subacute, anther spurs very long, capsule glabrous. VAB. 1. Rivinia'na, 

 Reich, (sp.); spur compressed furrowed, fruiting sepals with prominent 

 notched auricles. VAR. 2. Reiclumbachia'na, Boreau (sp.); spar narrower 

 not furrowed, fruiting sepals with minute auricles. Copses and hedge- 

 banks, ascending to 3,000 ft. in Wales and Scotland ; also Arctic and N. 

 American. 



Sub-sp. ARENA'RIA, DC. (sp.) ; pubescent, rootstock short or 0, stolons 0, 

 leaves broadly cordate obtuse, stipules small, spur short, capsule oblong 

 pubescent. Upper Teesdale, alt. 2,000 ft., very rare. Extends into Arctic 

 Europe. 



SECTION 2. Mela'nium. Upper petals erect. Stigma capitate, hollow, 



with a pencil of hairs on each side. No apetalous flower. Stipules leafy. 



o. V. tri'color, L. ; leaves long-petioled ovate ; oblong or lanceolate 



crenate, stipules leafy pinnatifid, sepals with large auricles, style short 



straight, stigma capitate, excavated. Heartsease or Pansy. 



Pastures, banks and waste places, &c. ; fl. May-Sept. "Very variable. Stem 



4-18 in., branched, erect or ascending, angular, flexuous. Leaves 1-1^ in., 



lyrate, coarsely and remotely erenate-serrate ; stipules - in. across, very 



large, spreading like a fan, lobes deep" linear or oblong-obtnse, lateral smaller, 



middle sometimes leafy. Bracts minute, high up on the peduncle. Flowers 



