50 CARYOPHYLLEJE [DiAxrurs. 



Flower 1 in. diam., fragrant. Petals obovate, rosy, contiguous, teeth J-J 

 the length of the blade. Calyx-tube faintly ribbed. DISTRIB. Belgium 

 southwards to Lombardy and Hungary. 



D. CARYOPHYL'LUS, L. ; leaves grooved above, margin smooth, cymes 

 loosely panicled, bracts obovate mucronate 3-4 times shorter than the 

 calyx-tube, petals toothed and crenate. Wild Carnation, Clove Pink. 

 Old castle walls, &c., naturalized; fl. July- Aug. Perennial, glabrous, glau- 

 cous, stout, much branched and leafy below, 18-24 in. Leaves 4-6 in., 

 recurved. Bracts membranous, tips herbaceous. Flower Ij in. diam., 

 fragrant. Calyx cylindric, faintly ribbed. Petals obovate, rosy, teeth 

 J-| the length of the blade. Capsule ovoid. DISTRIB. Belgium and France 

 to Italy, Hungary and Greece. Flowers dimorphic on the same individual ; 

 stamens in one form much longer than in the other. The origin of the 

 garden Carnation. 



D. PLUMA'RIUS, L. ; leaves all acute 1-nerved, margin scabrous, cymes 

 loosely panicled, bracts 4 rhomboid cuspidate equalling \ of the calyx- 

 tube, petals fimbriate. Wild Pink. 



Naturalized in Shalford, Surrey ; East Ham, Essex ; Haughmond Abbey, 

 Ludlow and Conway Castles ; fl. June-Aug. Perennial, csespitose, branched, 

 1 ft. Flower as in D. Caryophyllus, but smaller, rose-purple, segments of 

 petals $-.J as long as the blade. DISTRIB. Mid. Europe from Austria to 

 Lombardy and Mid. Russia. The origin of the Garden Pinks. 



1*. SAPONA'RIA, L. SOAPWORT, FULLER'S HERB. 

 Annual or perennial herbs. Radical leaves spathulate, cauline narrower. 

 Flowers in panicled or fascicled cymes, white, lilac, red or yellow. Calyx 

 tubular, 5-toothed, obscurely nerved, ebracteate. Petals 5, clawed, entire 

 or notched. Stamens 10. Disk small. Styles 2. Capsule oblong, 2-celled 

 at the base, 4-valved at the top. Seeds reniform, tubercled ; embryo 

 annular. DISTRIB. Europe and temp. Asia; species 30. ETYM. Sapo, 

 the plant having been used as a soap. 



1. S. OFFICINA'LIS, L. ; glabrous, glaucous, leaves oblong-lanceolate. 

 Hedges, roadsides, and fields, apparently naturalized in S.W. England and 

 N. Wales; a denizen, Watson; fl. Aug.-Sept. Rootstock white, crci-pin^, 

 fleshy, stoloniferous. Stem, 1-3 ft., straight, ascending. Leaves 2-4 in., 

 3-ribbed. Cymes in panicled corymbs. Flou-ers 1 in. diam. J'etals obcor- 

 date, lilac or white. Capsule ovoid, 2-celled at the base, on a stout pedicel, 

 enclosed in the fusiform calyx-tube. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia ; introd. 

 in U. States. A decoction is very saponaceous. Flower often double. X 

 hybrida, L. is a variety with connate upper leaves and monopetalous corolla. 



2. SILE NE, L. CATCHFLY. 



Habit of Saponaria and Dianthus. Calyx inflated, 5-toothed, 10-nerved. 

 Petals 5 ; claw narrow ; blade entire or divided, with usually 2 scales at its 

 base. Stamens 10, the 5-petaline sometimes adherent to the claw. Disk 

 columnar. Ovary 1-3-celled below the middle ; styles 3, rarely 2-5, oppo- 

 site the sepals ; ovules many. Capsule 6-valved at the top. Seeds with a 

 marginal hilum ; embryo annular or J-annular. DISTRIB. N. temp, hemi- 

 sphere ; species 200. ETYM. ffla\ov, saliva, from the viscidity of some 

 species. 



