108 ROSACES. [Purxrs. 



Copses and woods, from Sutherland southwards ; ascending to 1,500 ft. in 

 Yorkshire; fl. May. A tree, 10-20 ft. Leaves 2-4 in., unequally cordate 

 at the base, axils of the nerves pubescent ; stipules linear-subulate, glandular- 

 serrate. Racemes 3-5 in., from short lateral buds, lax-flowered. /'A, </,,.< 

 4 J in. diam., white, erect, then pendulous ; pedicels J in., erect in fruit ; 

 bracts deciduous, linear. Calyx-lobes obtuse, glandular-serrate. /'/(/. 

 erose. Drupe % in., ovoid, black, bitter ; stone globose, rugose. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, W. Asia to the Himalaya. 



2. SPIIUE'A, L. . 



Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or compound ; 

 stipules free or adnate to the petiole, rarely 0. Flowers in axillary or 

 terminal cymes, white or red. Calyx persistent, lobes 4-5, imbricate or 

 valvate in bud. Petals 45. Stamens 20-60, filaments free or connate 

 below. Disk fleshy, often hairy. Carpels 5 or more, free or connate 

 below ; styles subterminal ; ovules 2 or more, pendulous. Follicles 5 or 

 more, few -seeded. DISTRIB. Temp, and cold regions of the N. hemi- 

 sphere ; species 50. ETYM. doubtful. 



1. S. Ulma'ria, L. ; herbaceous, leafy, leaves interruptedly pinnate 

 serrate white and downy beneath, terminal segments large acutely l<>l>c<l, 

 cymes corymbose very compound, carpels glabrous twisted 2-ovuled. 

 Meadow-sweet, Queen of the Meadmcs. 



Meadows and water-sides ; ascending to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. June- 

 Aug. Rootstock short. Stems 2-4 ft., erect, furrowed. Radical Uoxtt 

 1-2 ft.; terminal leaflets 1-3 in.; lateral entire, alternate very small ; 

 stipules leafy, ^-ovate, toothed. Cynui 2-6 in. diam., pubescent. F/'i"\rs 

 i-| in. diam., white. Calyx-lobes reflexed. Carpels 5-9, twisted together 

 into an almost horizontal plane. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, 

 Dahuria, Iceland. 



2. S. Filipen'dula, L. ; herbaceous, leaves interruptedly pinnule ,ul;i- 

 brons, leaflets sessile deeply cut serrate, cymes panicked, carpels jiulu -scent 



straight 2-ovuled. Dropwort. 



Dry pastures, from Fife and Forfar southwards; ascending to 1,200 ft. in 

 Yorkshire ; W. of Ireland, very local : fl. June-July. J{iHit.*ti>i-k short ; root- 

 fibres interruptedly tuberous. Stem 2-3 ft., erect, grooved, with few small 



leaves. Leaves 410 in., chiefly radical ; leaflets ^-|in., very many, almost 



pinnatifid, sessile by a broad base, alternate very small, tojrminal 3-lobed ; 



stipules of cauline leaves toothed. (Jymet loose ; peduncles slender. 



Floiffrs ^ ^ in. diam., white or rosy outside. Cafyx-loliet obtuse. O'/-//</.< 



6-12, erect. DISTKIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia. 



S. SALICIFO'LIA, L. ; shrubby, leaves oblong-lanceolate serrate <;lubn>us, 

 stipules 0, cymes terminal racemose, carpels glabntiis many-ovuled. 

 Moist plantations, not indigenous ; fl. July-Aug. Stems 3-5 ft., stoloniferous. 



L< <i?t 2-3 in., equally or unequally serrate. Cymes dense, subcylinch-ic. 



F I Hirers rosy or pink. Carpels 5. DISTHIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, X. 



America. 



3. RU'BUS, L. BRAMBLE, RASPBERRY, &c. 



Civeping herbs or sarmentose shrubs, almost always prickly. 

 alternate, simple or compound ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Floicers in 



