KUBUS.] ROSACES. 109 



terminal and axillary corymbose panicles, rarely solitary, white or red. 

 Calyx-tube broad ; lobes 5, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. Disk 

 coating the calyx -tube. Carpels many, on a convex receptacle ; style 

 subterminal ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupes many, 1 -seeded, 

 crowded upon a dry or spongy conical receptacle. Seed pendulous. 

 DISTRIB. Abundant in the N. hemisphere, rare in the Southern ; species 

 100. ETYM. The old Latin name. 



* Stem herbaceous or almost so. 



1. R. Chamsemo'rus, L. ; stem erect unarmed 1-flowered, leaves few 

 suborbicular-cordate obtusely 5-7-lobed, flowers dioecious. Cloudberry. 

 Peaty alpine and subalpine moors from Derby and Wales northwards ; 

 ascending Jto 3,200 ft. in the Highlands ; N. of Ireland, very rare ; 

 fl. June-July. Pubescent. Rootstock creeping, branched. Stem, 4-8 in., 

 simple, sheathed below by obtuse leafless stipules. Leaves few, 1-3 in. diam., 

 petioled, crenate, plaited, rugose ; stipules ovate, obtuse. Flowers 1 in. 

 diam., white. Sepals oblong, obtuse, unequal, villous. Petals oblong. 

 ; dr 



Fruit \ in., orange-yellow ; drupes few, large, persistent, stone smooth. 

 DISTRIB. N. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, E. and W. N. America. Berry 

 very grateful, fresh or preserved. 



2. R. saxat ills, L. ; barren-stems procumbent unarmed or with 

 scattered bristles, flowering shorter erect,leaves 3 -foliolate, petals very small. 

 Stony banks of subalpine rivulets, copses, &c. from S. Wales and Gloucester 



northward ; ascending to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; common hi Ireland ; 

 fl. June-July. Softly pubescent. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stems 

 simple, with leafless obtuse stipules below; leafing 23 ft., flowering 6-18 in. 

 Leui-fst few ; leaflets 1-3 in., green, membranous, lateral shortly petioled, 

 rhomboid-ovate, obscurely lobed, sharply doubly toothed ; stipules linear. 

 Flowers % in. broad, few, white ; peduncles terminal, very short. Calyx-lobes 

 ovate. Petals linear-obovate. Drupes 2-3, globose, scarlet, persistent, stone 

 reticulate. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia, Dahuria, W. Asia to the Himalaya. 

 ** Stem shrubby, with many suckers. Leaves pinnately B-5-foliolate. 



3. R. Idse'us, L. ; prickles of the stem straight slender, of the flower- 

 ing shoots curved, leaflets ovate or elliptic acuminate white and hoary 

 beneath, flowers drooping, petals short, drupes deciduous. Raspberry. 

 Woods, most frequent in mountain districts ; ascending to near 2,000 ft. in 



the Highlands ; fl. June-Aug. Rootstock short. Stenis 3-5 ft., erect, bien- 

 nial, terete, pruinose. Leaves variable ; leaflets 3-5 in., acutely irregularly 

 serrate ; stipules adnate half-way, subulate. Cymes ^ in. diam., few-flowered, 

 axillary and terminal, white. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, tips long. Petals 

 linear-obovate. Drupes many, red" or yellow, hoary, stone pitted. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa ? Siberia to Kamtschatka, W. Asia. .R. Leesii, 

 Bab. (sp.), is a state with crowded shorter leaflets (Bab. Brit. RuU, p. 47), 

 found in Devon and Somerset. 



** Stem shrubby, without suckers. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, rarely pinnate. 



4. R. frutico sus, L. ; stem prickly, flowers in panicled or racemed 

 corymbs or fascicles. Blackberry, Bramble. 



Abundant everywhere, copses, hedges, &c., ascending to near 1,000 ft. in York- 

 shire ; fl. July-Sept. Stem glabrous or with bristles and gland-tipped hairs 

 in various proportions, best marked on the flowerless shoots, which are sub- 



