110 ROSACES. [RUBUS. 



erect, or arched and rooting from a callus at the tip, thus giving rise to 

 innumerable individuals. Leaves usually pinnately 3-5-foliolate, subper- 

 sistent, glabrous or pubescent ; leaflets on long or short petioles, overlapping 

 or not, obovate or rhomboid-ovate, coarsely irregularly serrate or toothed, 

 convex, dark green above, paler often glaucous below. Flowers white or 

 pink, in terminal racemes, the lateral branches corymbose or elongate. 

 Drupes black or red-purple. DISTBIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, 

 W. Asia to Upper India. 



For the following arrangement of the British forms of R. fruticosxs I am 

 indebted to Mr. J. G. Baker. 



* Stems with scattered uniform prickles, quite glabrous, i.e. witlwut ?///*.'/.* 

 or gland-tipped hairs. 



Sub-sp. SUBEREC'TUS, Anderson (sp.); barren shoots suberect not rooting at 

 the tip, leaflets large membranous bright green glabrous or slightly hairy 

 beneath, sepals green with distinctly marked white edges, drupes nume- 

 rous claret -coloured or black. R. umbroiva, Lees. Copses, especially in the 

 north. One of the best-marked forms. VAR. pllcdtus, W. and N. (sp.), has 

 larger and more hooked prickles than the type. VAR. fidsus, Lindl., has 

 copious small prickles, leaflets more hairy beneath, sepals sometimes ap- 

 pressed to the fruit. VAR. affin'is, W. and N. (sp.), (lentigino'sus, Lees, a 

 form), is a connecting link with sub-sp. rhamnifo'lius. 



Sub-sp. BHAMNIFO'LIUS, W. and N. (sp. ) ; barren stem arched angular rooting 

 at the tip not glaucous, leaflets often large cordate and reflexed, more finely 

 toothed than in the two following sometimes white and tomentose beneath, 

 sepals not distinctly bordered with white, fruit large black juicy. From 

 Mid. Scotland southwards. VAR. Lindleia'nus, Lees; prickles more copious 

 and straight, leaflets narrower, panicle more open. VARS. incurva'tus, Bab. 

 (sp.), and imJirica'tus, Hort., have no decided characters; R. Gm 1 "- 

 Weihe, of which one plant alone is known, and R. Coleman'ni, Bloxam, are 

 intermediate between this sub-sp. and infei/tus; R. macrophyClus, var. <jla- 

 bra'tus, Bab., belongs here. 



Sub-sp. CORYLIFO'UUS, Smith (sp.) ; barren stem between arched and prostrate 

 rooting at the tip not glaucous, leaflets 5 membranous hazel-like imbricate, 

 sepals densely tomentose all over the back, drupes few large. From S. of 

 Scotland southwards. R. sMustris, Lees ; R. conjutigens, and R. pui-/in n\-. 

 Bab. The type has terete stems and many small slender prickles. VAR. 

 Balfouria'nus, Blox. (sp.), and althceifo'lius, Bab. not Host., have sepals 

 appressed to the fruit ; the former approaches casing by its corymbose 

 inflorescence. VAR. latifo'lius, Bab. is a rare form intermediate between 

 this sub-sp. and the last. 



Sub-sp. c.s'siUS, L. (sp.) ; stem prostrate glaucous, prickles more unequal 

 setaceous, leaflets usually 3 green on both surfaces, sepals densely tomen- 

 tose all over the back appressed, drupes few large glaucous. -Hedges and 

 thickets from Perth southwards ; ascends to near 1,000 ft. in Yorkshire. 

 / >, ,, lifrrif. Often a well-marked form from its glaucous character. R. ten'uis, 

 Bell Salter, ulmifo'lius, intermddius, and his'pidus are indistinguishable 

 forms ; R. pseudo-id^ us, Lejeune, is probably a hybrid with R. Idceus. 



** Stem vith equal scattered prickles, pubescent or hairy, but itith few or no gland- 

 tipped hairs or briMes, arching and rooting at the tip. Calyx densely 

 toruentose, white, (glandular. 



Sub-sp. DIS'COLOR, W . and N. ; stem with appressed stellate pubescence, 

 prickles strong, leaflets small more persistent than in any other, bright 



