RUBUS.] ROSACES. 113 



with less prickly rachis and sepals and membranous leaves green and nearly 

 glabrous beneath. R. rotundifo'lius, Blox., prickles stronger, leaves more 

 hairy beneath, sepals less distinctly leaf-pointed. Local. 



Sub-sp. GUXTHER'I, Weihe (sp.); stem trailing terete, prickles small very 

 unequal, bristles glandular and simple hairs much fewer than in the last, 

 leaves densely shortly pubescent often white below, panicle compound, 

 rachis very wavy, sepals reflexed not leaf -pointed, petals narrow. Local. 

 Sub-sp. PYRAMIDA'LIS, Bab. (sp.) ; stem trailing clothed as in the last, leaves 

 green thinly hairy beneath, panicle subracemose, rachis straight, sepals 

 ascending leaf-pointed, petals narrow. Wales and Devonshire. 

 Of li. >i]<jriwius, Weihe, nothing is known satisfactorily. 



4. DRY'AS, L. 



Prostrate, tufted, scapigerous shrubs. Leaves simple, white beneath ; 

 stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers solitary, large, white or yellow. 

 ('"///< persistent ; lobes 89, valvate in bud. Petals 8-9. Stamens many, 

 crowded ; filaments free. Disk concave, hairy. Carpels many, sunk in 

 the calyx-tube ; style terminal ; ovule 1, ascending. Achenes many ; 

 styles slender, feathery. DISTRIB. Arctic and Alpine regions of N. temp. 

 zone ; species 2 or 3. ETYM. Spi/os, from the Oak-like foliage. 



1. D. octopet'ala, L. ; leaves oblong-ovate coarsely crenate-serrate. 

 D. dc})ressa, Bab. 



Stony, chiefly limestone and mountain districts in Wales, Yorkshire, and 

 Scotland, ascending to 2,700 ft. ; N. and W. of Ireland ; fl. June-July. 

 Stem tortuous, much branched. Leaven -1 in., crowded, obtuse, hoary 

 beneath, shining above, margins reflexed, midrib hairy and scurfy ; scape 

 1-3 in., glandular and hairy, longer in fruit. Flowers 1-1 J in. diam., white. 

 Sepals about 8, woolly and with black glandular hairs, obtuse or subacute. 

 Petals oblong. Achenes hispid ; awn 1-2 in. DlSTElB. that of the genus. 



5. GE'UM, L. AVEXS. 



Erect perennial herbs. Radical leaves crowded, pinnate ; terminal 

 leaflet very large ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers solitary or 

 corymbose, white yellow or red. Calyx persistent, with 5 bracteoles above 

 its base ; lobes 5, imbricate or valvate in bud. Petals 5. Stamens crowded. 

 Disk smooth or with radiating grooves. Carpels many, receptacle short or 

 long ; style filiform, straight or bent ; ovule 1, ascending. Achenes many, 

 on a dry receptacle, ending in elongated, filiform, straight or bent styles 

 which are often hooked at the tip. DISTRIB. Temp, and cold regions of 

 both hemispheres ; species 30. ETYM. jevca, from the aromatic roots. 



1. G. urba'num, L. ; flowers erect, head of achenes sessile, awn with 

 a short glabrous hook at the tip, calyx-lobes reflexed in fruit. 

 Borders of copses, hedgebanks, &c. from Ross and Elgin southwards, ascend- 

 ing to near 1,700 ft. in the Lake district ; fl. June-Aug. Softly hairy. 

 Stem 1-3 ft. Radical leaves long-petioled, interruptedly pinnate ; terminal 

 leaflets 23 in. broad, suborbicular, obscurely lobed, crenate ; lateral ^ Jin., 

 oblong, sessile ; cauline leaves variable ; stipules foliaceous, lobed and 

 toothed. Flowers J f in. diam., yellow ; peduncles slender. Petals obovate, 

 spreading, as long as the acute calyx-lobes. Acfanes hispid, spreading; 

 awn i in. ; receptacle hispid. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, 

 W. Asia to the Himalaya, E. and W. N. America. 

 I 



