ROSACES. 127 



SECTION 3. Mes'pilus, L. (gen.). Fruit large, 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded ; 

 endocarp bony. Flov;ers solitary. 



P. GERJIAN'ICA, L. (Mespilus); leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate entire 

 or serrulate. Medlar. 



Hedges and thickets in Mid. and S. England, but not indigenous ; fl. May- 

 June. A small much-branched spinous tree. Leaves subacute, pubescent 

 beneath. Flowers 1 \ in. diam. , white ; peduncles i in. Calyx woolly, lobes with 

 dilated foliaceous tips. Fruit -1 in. diam. , globose, with a large depressed 

 area at the top, and persistent "calyx- lobes. DISTRJB. Europe from Holland 

 southwards, N. Africa ? W. Asia. 



13. CRAT.ffi'GUS, L. HAWTHORN, WHITETHORN. 

 Shrubs or small trees, often spiny. Leaves simple lobed or pinnatifid ; 

 stipules deciduous. Flovxrs in terminal corymbose cymes, white or red ; 

 bracts caducous. Calyx-tube urceolate or campanulate ; mouth contracted ; 

 l.ili-s 5, persistent or deciduous. Petals 5, inserted at the mouth of the 

 < al\'.\. Stamens many. Carpels 1-5, adnate to the calyx-tube ; styles 

 1 ~>, stigma truncate ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending. Fruit ovoid 

 or globose, with a bony 1-5-celled stone, or with 5 bony 1- rarely 

 2 -seeded stones. DISTRIB. N. temp, regions, chiefly American, ex- 

 tending south into New Grenada ; species about 50. ETYM. Kpdros, from 

 the strong wood. 



1. C. Oxyacan'tha, L. ; spinescent, leaves deeply pinnatifid. 

 Forests and hedges from Moray and Isla southwards, but often only where 

 planted ; ascending to 1,800 ft. in Yorkshire; fl. May-June. A small round- 

 headed tree, 10-20 ft., much branched. Leaves 1-2 in., very variable, 

 cuneate, shortly petioled, lobes cut or crenate ; stipules leafy, ^-sagittate, 

 toothed. Cymes corymbose, many-flowered. Flowers f in. diam., white ; 

 pedicels and calyx glabrous or pubescent. Anthers pinkish-brown. Carpelx 

 1-2 very rarely 3. Fruit ovoid or subglobose, usually scarlet, rarely yellow 

 or black. DiSTRiB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, W. Asia to India ; introd. 

 in X. America. 

 Suli-.-p. OXYACANTHOI'DES, Tim ill. (sp.); peduncles and calyx-tube glabrous, 



carpels 2-3. Not common. 



Sub-sp. MONOGY'NA, Jaapdn (sp.) ; leaves more deeply lobed or pinnatifid, 

 peduncles and calyx-lobes pubescent, flowers and fruit smaller (appearing 

 later), carpel solitary. 



14. COTONEAS'TER, Liiidl. 



Shrubs or small trees. Leaves coriaceous, often downy ; stipules deci- 

 duous. Flmvers solitary or in few-flowered axillary or terminal cymes, 

 small, white or pink, sometimes polygamous. Calyx-tube turbinate or 

 campanulate ; lobes 5, short, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many, in- 

 serted at the mouth of the calyx. Carpels 2-5, adnate wholly "or by 

 'their backs only to the calyx-tube ; styles 2-5, free, stigma truncate ; 

 ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit small, ovoid, globose, or turbinate, 

 with 2-5 bony 1-seeded stones. DISTRIB. Europe, temp. Asia, N. 

 Africa, Mexico ; species 15. ETYM. The old Latin name. 



1. C. vulgar'is, Lindl . ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong densely 

 pubescent beneath, cymes lateral, few-flowered. 



