KIBES.] SAXIFRAGES. 135 



Woods, &c. from Mid. Scotland southwards, probably always a garden escape ; 

 an alien or denizen, Watson; ft. April-May. A stout erect bush, smelling 

 strongly when bruised. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., similar to those of Ji. ruin-urn, 

 but rather deeper lobed ; petioles slender, pubescent. Racemes slender, 

 tomentose, eglandular, few-dowered. Flowers - in. diam. ; pedicels in. 

 (Jalyx campanulate, glandular. Petals minute. Herri/ | in. diam., globose, 

 black. DISTKIB. Europe, Siberia, Dahuria, W. Himalaya, 



ORDER XXIX. 



Herbs or shrubs, usually succulent. Leaves opposite or alternate, ex- 

 stipulate. Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, bracteate or not. Sepals 

 3-5, rarely 10-12 or more, free or connate. Petals as many, free or con- 

 nate, imbricate in bud. Stamens perigynous or almost hypogynous, as 

 many as the petals, or twice as many, when those opposite the petals are 

 adnate to their bases ; anthers dorsally fixed. Hypogynous scales opposite 

 each carpel, rarely 0. Carpels 3-5, rarely more, 1-celled, free, rarely con- 

 nate ; styles short or long, stigma small ; ovules many, rarely few, 

 attached to the ventral suture, erect or pendulous. Fruit of 3 or more mem- 

 branous or coriaceous 1 -celled many-seeded follicles. Seeds oblong, minute, 

 albumen ileshy ; embryo terete. DISTRIB. Arctic, temp, and warm regions, 

 but chiefly S. African ; genera 14 ; species 400. AFFINITIES. With Saxi- 

 fragece, and separable only by habit or the hypogynous scales, or both. 

 PROPERTIES. Astringent roots, acrid foliage, emetic and purgative qualities, 

 and tartaric and malic acids occur. 



Leaves opposite. Petals 3-5 free. Stamens 3-5 ........................ 1 . Tillsea. 



Leaves alternate. Corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 10 .................. 2. Cotyledon. 



Leaves alternate. Petals usually 5, free. Stamens usually 10 ...... 3. Sedum. 



Leaves alternate. Petals 6-20. Stamens 12-40 ......... 3*. Sempervivum. 



1. TIIiIiJE'A, L. 



Small or minute subsucculent herbs. Leaves opposite, quite entire. 



Flowers minute, axillary solitary or cymose, white or reddish. Calyx 



3-5-lobed or -parted. Petals 3-5, free or connate at the very base. Scales 

 3-5, linear, or 0. Carpels 3-5 ; styles short ; ovules 1 or more. Follicles 



few or many -seeded. DISTRIB. Ubiquitous; species 20. ETYM. M. A. 

 Tilli, an early Italian botanist. 



1. T. muscosa, L.; leaves oblong, flowers solitary subsessile 3-merous. 

 Sandy heaths in England, rare, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hants, Dorset, Devon ; ti. 

 June-July. Annual. Stems 1-2 in., tufted, decumbent, glabrous, reddish; 

 branches slender, leafy and flowering throughout. Leaves thick, concave, 

 obtuse or apiculate. Flowers rarely 4-merous. Sepals ovate, acuminate, 

 green. Petals smaller, subulate, white. Scales 0. Follicles constricted, 

 2-seeded. DISTRIB. W. Europe from Holland southwards, N. Africa. 



2. COTYLE'DON, L. PENNYWORT, NAVELWORT. 



Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, sometimes peltate. 

 Fluircrs in terminal spikes or racemes. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla-tube, 

 urceolate or cylindric, terete or 5-angled ; lobes 5, small, twisted in bud. 



