ERYXGIUM.] UMBELLIFER^. 153 



acute, longer than the petals. Petals narrow, deeply notched, point long, 

 infiexud. Disk-lobes concave, crenulate. Fruit ovoid ; commissure broad, 

 carpophore ; carpels $ -terete, primary ridges obscure 1-vittate ; styles 

 filiform, slender, erect. Seeds flat or subconcave in front. DISTRIB. 

 Temp, and sub-trop. regions, chiefly S. American; species 100. ETYM. 

 uncertain. Very slender vittae often occur in the endocarp. 



1. E. marit imum, L. ; very glaucous, radical leaves suborbicular 

 3-lobed spinous, cauline palmate. Sea Holly. 



Sandy shores, from Aberdeen and Argyle southwards, all Ireland ; fl. July- 

 Aug. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stems 1-2 ft., stout, 3-chotomously 

 branched. Radical leaves 2-5 in. diam., margins cartilaginous. Heads 

 about 3 together, ^-1 in. diam., at length ovoid. Primary involucre of 3 

 bracts ; partial of 5-7 ovate spinous - serrate bracts ; bracteoles 3-fid, 

 equalling the flowers. Flowers fa in. diam., bluish- white. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 N. Africa. Roots formerly candied as a sweetmeat. 



E. CAMPES'TRE, L. ; pale green, radical leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolate, 



cauline 2-pinnatiM. 



Near ballast heaps, Plymouth, Weston-super-Mare, the Tyne, Cardiff, Water- 

 ford, &c. ; partially naturalized; a denizen, Watson; fl. July- Aug. Erect, 

 1-2 ft., less glaucous and more branched than E. maritimum. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, from Denmark southwards ; N. Africa, W. Siberia. 



2*. ASTRAN'TIA, L. 



Erect, simple or branched, perennial herbs. Rootstock short, creeping. 

 Leaves palmately lobed or cut. Umbels simple or irregularly compound ; 

 bracts many, radiating, often coloured. Flowers polygamous, males on 

 shorter pedicels. Calyx-limb campanulate ; teeth exceeding the petals, 

 with long points. Petals notched ; point long, inflexed. l>isk-lobcs cup- 

 shaped. Fruit ovoid or oblong, nearly terete ; commissure broad, carpo- 

 phore ; carpels dorsally compressed, primary ridges equal, with plaited 

 wrinkled or toothed inflated ribs, interstices 1-vittate ; styles filiform. 

 DISTRIB. Europe and W. Asia ; species 4 or 5. ETYM. fa-rpov, from the 

 star-like umbels. 



A. MA'JOR, L. ; leaves with 3-7 ovate-lanceolate serrate lobes. 

 Naturalized in woods, Ludlow and Malvern ; fl. June-July. Stem 1-2 ft. 

 Hint, 'ral leaves 3-4 in. diam., acute, serratures bristle-pointed ; petiole 4-10 in. 

 ill-art?, i-^ in., ovate-lanceolate, reticulate, white below, above dark green 

 tinged with pink, serrulate. Flowers white or pink ; pedicels filiform. 

 Fr>"'t i in.; styles spreading. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe. 



3. SANIC'ULA, Z* SAMCLE. 



Slender, erect, perennial herbs. Rootstock stout, short, creeping. Leaves 

 palmately cut. Umbels small, subglobose, irregularly compound ; bracts 

 leafy; bracteoles few. Flowers usually 1 -sexual. Calyx-teeth as long as 

 the petals, subherbaceous, pungent. Petals minute, deeply notched ; 

 point long, inflexed. Disk-lobes dilated. Fruit ovoid ; covered with 

 hooked prickles ; commissure rather broad, carpophore ; carpels 4-terete, 

 ridges inconspicuous, interstices 1-vittate ; styles filiform. Seed flat in 

 front. DISTRIB. N. temp, regions ; species 10. ETYM. sano, to heal. 



