APIUM.] UMBELLIFEK&. 157 



Marshy places, from Isla and Haddington southwards ; fl. July-Aug. 

 Perennial. Stems 1-3 ft, slender. Leaflets ^-1 in., very variable, sessile, 

 oblong, crenate serrate or lobulate. Umbels leaf-opposed, sessile or shortly 

 peduncled ; rays unequal ; bracts usually ; bracteoles many, oblong, 

 scarious. Flowers small. Fruit ^ in. ; ribs prominent ; vittse solitary ; styles 

 short, divergent. DISTRIB. Europe from Belgium southwards, N. Africa. 



VAR. 1, nodiflo) J um proper ; stem decumbent, flowering branches rooting at 

 the base only, peduncles short, bracts or 1-2. VAR. 2, re' pens, Koch 

 (sp.); smaller, stem creeping, leaflets sharply toothed, peduncles long, 

 bracts 2-3 unequal unilateral. Sium repens, Sm. Rather rare. 

 3. A. inunda'tum, Reich.; decumbent or floating, submerged leaves 



2-3-pinnate, leaflets capillary rarely linear, floating leaves pinnate, lower 



leaflets deeply 3-cleft. 



Wet places, local ; ascending to 1,600 ft. in Yorkshire ; fl. June July. 

 Perennial, flaccid, small, straggling. Stem 4-10 in., stout, flexuous. Leaflets 

 of upper leaves Jin., cuneate, cut or lobed. Umbels very small, leaf- 

 opposed, peduncles short, rays 2-4 unequal; bracts 0; bracteoles 4-6, 

 lanceolate, 3-nerved. Flowers minute. Petals incurved. Fruit ^ in., 

 subsessile, elliptic-oblong ; ridges prominent ; vittse solitary ; styles re- 

 curved. DISTRIB. Europe, from Gothland southwards (excl. Spain and 

 Greece). 



10. CA'RUM, L. CARAWAY. 



Annual or perennial, glabrous herbs. Leaves pinnate or decompound. 

 Umbels compound, few- or many-rayed ; bracts few or ; bracteoles more 

 numerous or 0. Flowers white or yellow, 2-sexual or polygamous. Ca'yx- 

 tccth minute or 0, sometimes unequal. Petals with an inHexed point and 

 usually very deep notch ; of the male flowers often irregular. Disk-lobes 

 conical. Fruit ovoid or oblong, often hispid, laterally compressed, hardly 

 constricted at the commissure, carpophore 2-fid ; carpels 5-angled, 

 primary ridges obtuse, equal, lateral close to the commissure ; vittae 1 

 (rarely 2) in the interstices. Scedi ^-terete. DISTRIB. Temp, and sub- 

 trop. ; species 50. ETYM. The old Latin name. 



SECTION 1. Ca'rum proper. Roof, fusiform or fibrous. Leaves 1-2- 

 pinnate. Calyx-teeth minute. Petals white, deeply notched. 



1. C. verticilla'tum, L. ; root of fascicled fibres, leaves linear pin- 

 nate, leaflets sessile short whorled palmately multifid, segments capillary. 

 Meadows in the W. counties, from Argyle and Dumbarton southwards, local ; 

 N.E. and W. Ireland ; fl. July-Aug. Root-fibr-es 1-2 in., thickened down- 

 wards. Stem 1-2 ft., erect, striate. Radical leaves 6-12 in., subcylindric ; 

 leaflets curved upwards, capillary-multifid. Umbels regular, flat-topped ; 

 rays 1-2 in. , peduncles slender ; bracts and bracteoles many, slender, short, 

 reflexed. Flowers white or pink. Fruit ovoid ; ridges strong ; vittss large ; 

 styles recurved. DISTRIB. W. Europe from Holland southwards. 

 C. CAR'UI, L. ; root fusiform, leaves narrow triangular- or linear- 

 oblong 2-pinnate, leaflets cut to the base into linear lobes, bracts 1 or 0, 

 bracteoles 0. Caraway. 



Waste places, naturalized only ; fl. June-July. Stem, 10-24 in., slender, 

 branched, striate, flstular. Leaves 6-10 in. ; pinnules opposite, segments 

 acuminate. Umbels rather irregular, peduncles slender. Flowers white, 



