UMBELLIFERJE. 159 



ridges strong ; vittse very short, narrowed upwards ; styles short, recurved, 

 on thick depressed disk-lobes. Closely resembles Carum segetum. 



12. CICU'TA, L. WATER-HEMLOCK, COWBANE. 



Tall, perennial, glabrous herbs. Leaves pinnate or decompound. Um- 

 bels compound, many-rayed ; bracts few or ; bracteoles many, small ; 

 flowers white. Calyx-teeth acute. Petals with an inflexed point. Disk- 

 lobes depressed, entire. Fruit orbicular or broadly ovoid, constricted at 

 the commissure, didymous, carpophore 2-partite ; carpels slightly com- 

 pressed, primary ridges thick broad flat ; vittae solitary in the inter- 

 stices, tieeds subterete, slightly convex in front. DISTRIB. Marshes 

 of the N. hemisphere ; species 3. ETYM. The old Latin name of the 

 Hemlock. 



1. C. viro'sa, //. ; root fibrous, leaflets lanceolate doubly serrate. 

 Watery places, from Dumbarton and Forfarshire southwards. Mid. and N. 



Ireland, local; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock short, stout, hollow and septate. 



Stfm 2-4 ft. , stout, leafy, furrowed. Leaves large, deltoid, 2-3-pinnate ; 



petioles stout ; leaflets 2-4 in. , oblique. Umbels 3-5 in. diam. , long- 



peduncled, terminal and leaf-opposed, flat-topped, rays long, slender ; 



bracts ; bracteoles many, short, slender. Flowers minute. Calyx-teeth 



ovate. Fruit -^ in. broad, broader than long ; styles slender, recurved. 



DI.STRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia to Kamtschatka. 



13. SI'UM, L. WATER-PARSNIP. 



Glabrous herbs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets toothed. Umbels compound, 

 terminal or lateral ; bracts and bracteoles many ; flowers white. Calyx- 

 teeth acute. Petals with an inflexed point. Disk-lobes thick, conical, or 

 depressed. Fruit ovoid or oblong, laterally compressed or constricted 

 at the commissure, carpophore undivided ; carpels 5-angled, primary 

 ridges equal, prominent, obtuse or thickened, lateral next the commissure ; 

 yittae many, in the interstices. Seed subterete. DISTRIB. N. temp, 

 regions, S. Africa, St. Helena ; species 4. ETYM. unknown. 



1. S. latifo'lium, L. ; leaflets regularly serrate, umbels terminal. 

 Watery places, common in the Fen counties, rare elsewhere ; Falkirk in Scot- 

 land ; loca' and rare in Ireland; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock short, stoloni- 

 ferous. Stem 5-6 ft., erect, stout, fistular, grooved, branched above. 

 L'"i.>:es large ; leaflets 4-6, 2-6 in., sessile, linear- or oblong-lanceolate ; sub- 

 merged sometimes pinnatifid. Umbels large, flat-topped, rays many ; bracts 

 and bracteoles often foliaceous, large. Flowers small, outer rather larger. 

 /'/'!/< | in., broadly ovoid, ridges prominent; styles rather slender. DlS- 

 TRIB. Europe (except Turkey), N.W. Asia to India, N.W. America. 



2. S. angrustifo'lium, L. ; leaflets of radical leaves regularly of stem- 

 leaves very irregularly serrate, umbels leaf-opposed. 



Wet places, from Elgin southwards ; rarer in Scotland and Ireland ; fl. summer. 

 ftootstock creeping stoloniferous, leafing at the nodes. Leaves 4-8 in.; 

 leaflets of lower leaves 5-10, 1-2 in. , sessile, ovate-oblong ; of cauline leaves 

 fewer, smaller. Stem 1-3 ft., leafy. Umbels with few and unequal rays; bracts 

 irregularly cut. Fruit shorter than in S. latifolium, with more immersed 

 vittse and conical disk-lobes. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia to India. 



