PEI-CEDANUM.] UMBELLIFER&. 169 



shining ; leaflets 2-5 pair, 1-3 in. Umbel-rays many, stout, long ; flowers 

 small. Fruit i in., broadly oblong; styles very short. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 Siberia ; introd. in N. America. Cultivated since the time of the Romans. 



31. HERAC'LEUM, L. COW-PARSNIP, HOGWEED. 

 Biennial or perennial herbs, sometimes gigantic. Leaves 1-3-pinnate ; 

 segments broad, lobed and toothed. Umbels compound, many-rayed ; bracts 

 few, many, or ; flowers often polygamous and outer rayed, white pink or 

 yellowish. Calyx-teeth small or 0. Petals often unequal, the larger or 

 all notched or 2<-lobed, point inflexed. Disk-lobes small, depressed or 

 conical. Fruit orbicular obova3 or oblong, much dorsally compressed, 

 commissure very broad, carpophore 2-partite ; carpels flat, lateral primary 

 ridges expanded into flat, contiguous, membranous wings, dorsal or inter- 

 mediate slender ; vittse 1 in each interstice, short, thickened downwards. 

 Seed flat. DISTRIB. Europe, N. and trop. Africa, temp. Asia, and N. 

 America ; species 50. ETYM. The god Hercules. 



1. H. Sphondyl ium, L. ; leaves pinnate, leaflets few large lobed. 

 Moist woods and meadows ; ascending to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. 

 June-Aug. Rough, with rather rigid scattered hairs. Stem very stout, 

 3-6 ft., fistular, grooved, branched above. Leaves 1-3 ft. ; segments 

 2-6 in., pubescent beneath, very variable in size lobing and toothing, 

 ometimes narrow and pinnatifid (//. angustifolium, Sm. ), terminal connate 

 t the base ; sheath of petiole broad. Umbel-rays ^-1^ in., many, stout ; 



ys 



flowers large, outer very irregular, petals very broad deeply obcordate, 

 white or pink, fruit -^in., obovoid, retuse ; styles very short. DISTHIB. 

 Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia. Stem eatable. 



32. TORDYL'IUM, L. 



Annual, hairy or woolly. Leaves simple or pinnate. Umbels compound ; 

 rays many, or few and unequal ; bracts and bracteoles linear, sometimes 

 small or ; flowers white or purplish, outer often rayed. Calyx-teeth 

 subulate and unequal or 0. Petals with an incurved point, the larger or 

 all 2-lobed. Disk flat and undulate, or conical. Fruit orbicular or oblong, 

 much dorsally compressed ; lateral primary ridges closely contiguous, 

 broad, thickened, dorsal and intermediate slender ; vittae 1-3 in each 

 interstice. Seed flattened. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, temp. Asia; 

 species 12. ETYM. The old Greek name. 



1. T. max'imum, L. ; leaves pinnate, leaflets 1-3 pair pinnatifid. 

 Hedgebanks, Eton, Oxford, and Isleworth; an alien or denizen, Watson; fl. 

 June to July. Hispid with short hairs, reflexed on the stem. Stem 1-2 ft., 

 slender, erect, deeply grooved, fistular. Leaflets J-l in. , oblong or lanceolate, 

 more or less cut and toothed ; petioles with small sheaths. Umbels small ; 

 rays 6-8, stout, short, hispid ; bracts and bracteoles as many, stiff, short ; 

 flowers small, white or pink, subsessile. Fruit broadly-oblong, hispid, mar- 

 gin thickened glabrous ; styles short, stiff, erect. DISTHIB. Europe from 

 Belgium southwards. 



33. DAU'CUS, L. CAEROT. 



Annual or biennial, hispid herbs. Leaves pinnately decompound, seg- 

 ments small. Umbels compound ; rays many, outer arching over the 



