CAUCALIS.] UMBELLIFER^E. 171 



\-\ in., broad ; spines long, nearly equal, rough ; styles short, stout, erect. 

 DrsTRiB. Europe from Belgium southwards. 



SECTION 3. Tori'lis, L. (gen.). Fruit covered between the primary 

 ridges with spreading or appressed bristles. Hedge Parsley. 



2. C. Anthris'cus, Huds. ; leaves 1-2-pinnate, leaflets broad, umbels 

 terminal compound, bracts 4-6, spines of fruit incurved not hooked. 

 Hedges and waste places, from Moray and Isla southwards ; ascending to 



1,350 ft. in Yorkshire ; fl. July-Sept. Hispid more or less. Stem erect, 

 branched, solid, striate, hairs reflexed. Leaflets many, close set, ^ in., 

 pinnatifid or lobed. Umbels 5-12-rayed ; bracts small, subulate ; flowers 

 minute, white or pink, outer pedicelled, fertile. Fruit | in., ovoid; styles 

 short, straight. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia to N.W. India. 



3. C. infes'ta, Curtis; leaves 1-2-pinnate, leaflets lax narrow, timbels 

 terminal compound, bracts or 1, spines of fruit spreading hooked. 

 Fields and waste places from Lancaster and Yorkshire southwards ; a colonist, 



Watson; fl. July-Sept. Hispid. Stem 6-10 in., much branched, often from 

 the base, angled, solid, leafy. Leaflets pinnatifid, or cut and serrate, oblong. 



Umbel-rays 2-8, short ; bracteoles linear or setaceous ; flowers white or pink, 

 irregular, outer fertile. Fruit oblong, covered with spines ; styles rather 

 slender. DISTRIB. Europe from Belgium southwards, N. Africa. 



4. C. nodo'sa, Scop. ; leaves 1-2-pinnate, leaflets very small, unibels 

 leaf-opposed simple, spines of fruit spreading hooked and barbed. 



Dry banks from Forfar southwards, rare in Scotland and Ireland ; fl. May- 

 July. Hispid. Stem 6-18 in., often prostrate, slender, flexuous, angled, 

 solid. Leaflets pinnatifid. Umbels shortly peduncled, subglobose ; pedicels 

 very short, stout ; bracts ; flowers small, regular, pink ; female subsessile. 

 Fruit J-A in., ovoid, inner of each umbel tubercled, outer with one or both 

 carpels furnished with hooked spines ; styles very short. DiSTRiB. Europe, 

 from Denmark southwards, W. Africa, W. Asia to India. 



ORDER XXXVI. ARALIACE.JE. 



Erect or climbing shrubs or trees ; pubescence often stellate. Leaves 

 alternate, simple or compound ; stipules adnate to the petiole or 0. Flowers 

 regular, 1 2-sexual, umbellate or capitate. Calyx-limb superior, very 

 short, entire toothed or lobed. Petals 5, often coriaceous, very deciduous, 

 valvate or slightly imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, filaments inflexed ; 

 anthers didymous, versatile. Disk epigynous. Ovary 2- or -more celled ; 

 styles 0, or as many as cells, free or connate, stigma terminal or decurrent 

 on the inner face of the style ; ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, anatropous, 

 raphe ventral, integuments confluent with the nucleus. Drupe or berry 

 with 1 or more 1 -seeded cells. Seed pendulous, testa membranous, albu- 

 men dense, fleshy ; embryo minute, ovoid or oblong. DISTRIB. Chiefly 

 trop. ; genera 38 ; species 340. AFFINITIES. Close with Cornece and Um- 

 belliferce. PROPERTIES unimportant. 



1. HEDERA, L. IVY. 



Climbing shrubs. Leaves undivided or lobed, exstipulate. Umbels 

 panicled ; bracts minute or ; pedicels not jointed ; flowers polygamous. 



