CORNTS.] CORN ACE JE. 173 



Wood used for skewers, formerly for arrows, and indiscriminately with that 

 of Rkamnus Frangula, as Dogwood, by gunpowder makers. An oil used 

 for soapmaking is extracted from the berries in France. 

 2. C. sue cica, L. ; herbaceous, umbels involucrate. 



Alpine moors, Yorkshire, Cheviots, and Scotland, ascending to nearly 3,000ft.; 

 fl. July- Aug. Puberulous with appressed hairs. Rootstock slender, creeping. 

 Stem 6-8 in., erect, forked at the top, 4-angled, scaly below. Leaves J-lin., 

 sessile, in few pairs, oblong or ovate, acute, 5-7-nerved, glaucous below. 

 Umbel in the fork, peduncled ; bracts 4, \ in., white, ovate, acute. Flowers 

 minute, purplish. Drupe I diam., red. DISTRIB. N. and Arctic Europe, 

 Asia, E. and W. N. America. 



DIVISION II. MONOPET'ALE^E. 

 ORDER XXXVIII. CAPRIFOLIA'CEJE. 



Shrubs or small trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, simple, ternately 

 cut, or pinnate, usually exstipulate. Flowers cymose. Calyx-limb superior, 

 3-5-toothed or lobed. Corolla regular or irregular, sometimes 2-lipped ; 

 lobes 5, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, 5, 8 or 10, inserted on the corolla- 

 tube, equal or unequal ; anthers versatile, rarely bursting outwardly. Disk 

 epigynous, glandular, or 0. Ovary l-6.-celled ; style simple or 3-5-lobed or 

 0, stigmas capitate ; ovules solitary, pendulous from the top of the cell, or 

 many from its inner angle, or solitary in one cell and several in others, 

 anatropous, raphe dorsal or lateral, integuments confluent with the nucleus. 

 Fruit a berry or drupe, rarely capsular, 1- or many-seeded. Seeds small, 

 testa usually membranous, albumen copious, fleshy ; embryo minute, ovoid, 

 rarely large and terete. DISTRIB. Temp, and sub-trop. regions of the N. 

 hemisphere ; rare in the south, absent in trop. and S. Africa ; genera 14 ; 

 species 200. AFFINITIES. With Cornece and Rubiacece. PROPERTIES 

 unimportant. 



TRIBE I. SAMBU'CE.ffi. Corolla rotate, regular. Ovary cells 1-ovuled ; 

 style short, 2-3-partite, or stigma sessile. 



Shrubs. Leaves simple 1. Viburnum. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves pinnate 2. Sambucus. 



Herbs. Leaves 3-nately compound 3. Adoxa. 



TRIBE II. IiONICE'REJE. Corolla tubular or campanulate. Ovary-cells 

 1- or many-ovuled ; style slender. 



Ovary 2-3-celled, cells with several ovules 4. Lonicera. 



Ovary 3-celled, 1 cell 1-ovuled, 2 many-ovuled 5. Lmnsea. 



1. VIBUR'NUM, L. 



Shrubs or trees ; branches opposite. Leaves simple ; stipules or small. 

 Flowers in terminal or axillary corymbs or panicles, white or pink, jointed 

 on the pedicel, 1-2-bracteolate ; outer sometimes male or neuter, with larger 

 petals. Calyx-tube turbiuate or ovoid ; limb 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, 

 tubular or campanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Disk 0. Ovary 1-3-celled ; 

 style conical, 3-fid, or stigmas 3 sessile ; ovule 1, pendulous in each cell. 



