176 CAPRIFOLIACEM. [Loxu F.KA. 



Stem suberect. Leaves 2-3 in., shortly petioled, ovate or obovate. /W" /'/, .< 

 shorter than the leaves, 2-flowered ; bracts 2, linear ; bracteoles minute. 

 Flowers sessile, connate by the ovaries. Calyx-limb deciduous. C"/'///n 

 in. , pubescent, yellow. Berries small, crimson. DlSTRlB. Europe, Siberia. 



5. LINNJE'A, Gronovius. 

 A very slender, creeping, evergreen shrub ; branches ascending, ending 



in a slender, erect, 2-flowered peduncle. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. 



Flowers nodding, on slender 2-bracteolate pedicels. Calyx-tube ovoid ; 



lobes 5, narrow, deciduous. Corolla subcarnpanulate ; lobes 5, rather 



unequal. Siameiis 4, inserted near the base of the corolla, 2 longer than 



the others. Disk obsolete. Ovary 3-celled ; style filiform, stigma capitate ; 



ovules many in 2 of the cells, one in the third, pendulous. Fruit obliquely 



subglobose, 3-celled, one cell 1-seeded, the others seedless. Seed oblong ; 



embryo cylindric. DISTRIB. Lapland to N. Italy, cold and Arctic Asia, 



and N. America. ETYM. Linnaeus. 



1. Ii. borea'lis, Gronov. ; leaves broadly ovate obtuse crenate. 



Fir forests and plantations, chiefly in Mid. and E. of Scotland, ascending 

 to 2,400 ft.; also doubtfully indigenous in Northumberland and Dorset ; t1. 

 July. Almost glabrous, except the glandular inflorescence. Stems 3-1'! in., 

 filiform. Leaves in distant pairs, J-f in. , petioled, rarely obovate or orbicular, 

 coriaceous. Peduncles erect, filiform, 2-bracteate at the top. Corolla ^ in., 

 pink, sweet-scented. Fruit very small. Fruit very rare indeed. I have 

 taken the description of it from Wahlenberg. 



ORDER XXXIX. RUBIACEJE. 



Tribe STELLA'T^. 



Slender herbs, sometimes shrubby below ; stems 4-angled. Leaves 

 whorled, entire. Flowers very small, in axillary or terminal subsessile or 

 peduncled cymes ; pedicels jointed under the flower. Calyx-limb superior, 

 annular or 4-6-toothed or 0. Corolla rotate, bell- or funnel-shaped ; Lilies 

 3-5, valvate in bud. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the corolla-tube, filaments 

 usually short ; anthers dorsally fixed, didymous. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 

 2, stigmas terminal ; ovules solitary in each cell, attached to the septum, 

 pendulous, amphitropous, raphe ventral, integuments confluent with the 

 nucleus. Fruit didymous, of 2 plano-convex indehiscent 1-seeded cocci. 

 Seed ascending, plano-convex, testa membranous adnate to the peril arp, 

 albumen horny ; embryo axile, cotyledons foliaceous, radicle terete. This 

 Tribe is the representative' in N. temp, regions of the enormous family of 

 Rubiacece, for an account of which I must refer to general works on Botany. 

 DISTRIB. All cold and temp, regions; genera 7 ; species about 300. 

 AFFINITIES. With Caprifoliacece and Valerianece. PROPERTIES unimpor- 

 tant. Rubia yields Madder. 



Calyx-limb entire or obsolete. 



Corolla rotate or bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Fruit fleshy 1 . Rubia. 



Corolla rotate, 4-lobed. Fruit dry 2. Gahuni. 



Corolla bell-shaped. Fruit dry 3. Asperula. 



Calyx-limb 4-6-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit dry.... 4. Sherardia. 



