178 EUBIACE^E. [GALIUM. 



VAR. 1, pahuftre proper ; stem smoother, leaves shorter and narrower, 

 branches of cyme patent or reflexed after flowering, corolla and fruit 

 smaller. VAR. 2, elonga'tum, Presl. (sp.) ; stem thick, branches of cyme 

 not reflexed after flowering, corolla in. diam., fruit -fn in. diam. VAR. 3, 

 Witherin'gii, Sm. (sp.); stem rough with recurved bristles, leaves linear 

 recurved, cyme narrow, its branches short. 



4. G. uligino'sum, L. ; stem rough prickly, leaves 6-8 in a whorl 

 aristate, cymes small few-flowered, fruiting pedicels erect. 



Marshes and ditches, from Banff and Skye southwards; ascending 1,600 ft. in 

 Northumberland ; very rare in Ireland ; fl. July- Aug. Similar in habit and 

 appearance to G. palwstre, L., but green when dry ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl 

 (rarely 4), always narrower, more rigid, mucronate ; stem more bristly at 

 the angles ; panicle narrower and fruit smaller and granular. DlSTRlB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, Dahuria. 



5. G. saxat'ile, L. ; tufted, stem prostrate smooth, leaves usually (5 

 in a whorl mucronate, cymes small, fnliting pedicels erecto-patent. 

 Rocks, heaths, &c. ; ascends to 3,700ft. in the Highlands; fl. July- Aug. 



Glabrous, black when dry. Stems 4-6 in., with many barren shoots, flowering 

 shoots ascending, internodes very short. Leaves -J in., obovate or linear- 

 obovate. Ci/mes compact, panicled. Corolla-lobes subacute. Fruit minute, 

 rough. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Siberia. 



6. G. sylves'tre, Poll. ; diffuse, stem smooth glabrous or pubescent 

 below, leaves 6-8 in a whorl narrow ciliate aristate, cymes much longer 

 than the leaves, fruiting pedicels spreading. 



Dry rocky hills and pastures ; ascending to 2,400 ft. in Yorkshire; fl. July- 

 Aug. Very similar to G. saxatile, but less tufted, more erect and rigid ; 

 leaves narrower, stiff er, awned. DISTRIB. Europe, except Russia. 



VAR. 1, monta'num, Vill. (sp.) ; stem strict glabrous acutely 4-gonous, leaves 

 suddenly acuminate, margins slightly revolute, cymes lax-flowered. Q. 

 pusillum, Sm. not L. VAR. 2, nitid'ulum, Thuill. (sp.) ; stem glabrous or 

 hairy below obtusely 4-gonous, leaves narrower, margin strongly revolute, 

 cymes rather compact. G. comnmtatum, Bab. not Jordan. 



7. G. Mollu'go, L. ; stem flaccid glabrous or hairy, leaves 6-8 in a 

 whorl, cymes horizontal, corolla-lobes with slender tips. 



Hedges and copses throughout England ; ascending to 1,000 ft. in Yorkshire; 



E. of Scotland and of Ireland, very rare ; fl. July-Aug. Pale when dry. 



Stem 1-4 ft. , erect or decumbent, angles hairy or scabrid. Leaves variable, 



margins with erect or reversed bristles. CytMtuam, panicled many-flowered. 



Fruit A in. diam., black, shagreened. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia. 

 Sub-sp. EREC'TUM, Hudg. (sp.) ; suberect, leaves linear or lanceolate, cyme 



with slender ascending branches. Q. aristatitm, Sm. not L. 

 Sub-sp. SCA'BRUM, Wiik. (sp.); decumbent, branches divaricate, leaves 



obovate-lanceolate, cyme with spreading branches. Q. ela'tum, Thuill. ; G. 



irwulricum, Gaud. VAR. Bake'ri, Syme ; leaves linear, cyme few-flowered. 

 *** Perennial. Flowers white. Fruit hispid. 



8. G. borea'le, L. ; stem erect, leaves 4 in a whorl lanceolate, cymes 

 axillary and terminal many-flowered. 



Moist rocks in mountain districts ; ascends to 2,800 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. 

 June-Aug. Glabrous or pubescent ; blackish when dry. Rootstock creeping. 



