GALIUM.] EUBIACE^E. 179 



Stems 1-2 ft., tufted, rigid, sparingly branched above. Leaves ^-1J in., 



3-nerved. Cymes panicled ; branches suberect ; bracts ovate. Flower ^ in. 



diam. Fruit A in. diam., hispid with hooked hairs. DISTRIB. N. and Mid. 



Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, Himalaya, E. and W. N. America. 



**** Annual. Flowers white or greenish. Fruit often large, usually hispid or 



tubercled. Angles of stem and margins of leaves prickly. 



9. G. Apari'ne, L. ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, cymes axillary 3-9-flowered, 

 pedicels divaricate, fruit large usually hispid. Goose-grass, Cleavers. 

 Hedges and waste places, ascending to 1,200 feet in Yorkshire ; fl. June^July. 



Stem 1-5 ft., weak, straggling, often forming matted masses, very rough. 



Leaves ^-2 in., narrow-lanceolate, usually hispid all over. Fruit purplish. 



DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. Asia, W. Asia to India, temp. N. 



and S. America. 

 Sub-sp. APARI'NE proper; cymes usually 3-flowered, flowers white, fruit 



tubercled tubercles crowned by hooked bristles. 

 Sub-sp. VAILLAN'TII, DC. (sp. ) ; cymes 3-9-flo-wered, flowers very minute 



greenish, fruit hispid with hooked bristles. Saffron Walden, in fields. 



10. G. tricor'ne, With., leaves 6-8 in a whorl, cymes axillary 3- 

 flowered, fruit large granulate on recurved pedicels. 



Cultivated fields on chalky soil, from Cumberland southwards ; absent in Scot- 

 land and Ireland ; a colonist, Watson; fl. June Oct. Habit and appearance 

 of G. Aparine, but leaves narrower at the tip, and the fruiting pedicels very 

 peculiar. DISTRIB. Europe from Holland southwards, N. Africa, India. 



11. G. parisien'se, L. ; sub-sp. anglicum, Huds. (sp.) ; leaves about 

 6 in a whorl, cymes axillary and terminal panicled k few-flowered, fruit 

 minute tubercled. 



Walls, and sandy places in S.E. of England, from Norfolk to Sussex ; fl. 

 June-July.- Ktem diffuse, branched, 6-12 in., without barren shoots. Leaves 

 ft-rj in., narrow, mucronate, finally reflexed, margins rough with prickles 

 that point forwards. Flowers greenish- white. DISTRIB. Europe, from Hol- 

 land southwards, N. Africa. The typical G. parisiense has'hispid fruit. 



3. AS FERULA, L. 



Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves whorled, lower often opposite. Flmoers 

 in terminal or axillary cymes, small. Calyx- limb 4-toothed, deciduous or 

 0. Corolla funnel- or bell-shaped, 4-fid. Stamens 4. Styles 2, more or 

 less connate, stigmas capitate. Fruit dry or rather fleshy. DISTRIB. 

 Temp, regions ; species 50 ? ETYM. asper, from the rough hairs of many. 



1. A. odora'ta, L. ; upper leaves 7-9, lower 6 in a whorl. Wood-ruff. 

 Shaded hedgebanks, copses, &c. ; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Scotland ; fl. May- 

 June. Almost glabrous, odoriferous in drying, shining. RooUtock perennial, 

 creeping, often stoloniferous. Stems 6-18 in., subsimple, hairy beneath the 

 Hodes. Leaves 1-1 J in., oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate, ciliate. Cymes sub- 

 terminal, subumbellate. Corolla-tithe J in. diam., as long as the limb, white, 

 lobes obtuse. Fruit small, hispid with hooked hairs. DISTRIB. Europe, N. 

 Africa, Siberia, W. Asia. 



2. A. cynan chica, L. ; leaves 4 in a whorl. Squinancy-wort. 



Dry banks, local, from Yorkshire and Westmoreland southwards ; S. and W. 

 Ireland ; fl. June-July. --Glabrous or nearly so, tufted; branches 6-10 in., 



