VALERIANA.] VALERIANEJE. 181 



1. V. dio'ica, L. ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, flowers polygamous. 



Wet meadows and bogs, local, from Fife and Dumbarton southwards ; ascends 

 to near 2,000 ft. in Northumberland ; absent from Ireland ; fl. May-June. 

 Glabrous, ciliate at the nodes and leaf-margins. Rootstock creeping, stolo- 

 niferous. Stem 6-18 in., ascending. Leaves J-l in., radical long-petioled, 

 ovate or spathulate ; cauline with a large terminal lobe and narrow lateral 

 segments. Cymes terminal, corymbose ; flowers J in. diam., pinkish ; females 

 denser, smaller, darker ; bracts linear. Fruit small. DISTRIB. Europe. 



2. V. officina'lis, L. ; leaves all pinnate. Oat's Valerian, All-heal. 

 Wet meadows and banks of streams ; ascends to near 2,500 ft. in the .Lake 



district; fl. June- Aug. Glabrous or hairy below, foetid. Rootstock short, 

 stoloniferous. Leaves radical long-petioled, soon withering ; cauline 2-5 in., 

 sessile; leaflets J-2 in., lanceolate, entire or serrate. Cymes terminal and 

 axillary, corymbose. Flowers 2-sexual. Corolla 4- in., pale pink. Fruit 

 small, narrow, ovoid. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, Dahuria, Japan, 

 W. Asia. Rootstock a well-known antispasmodic. 



VAR. 1, offidnoHis proper ; leaflets 6-10 pairs. VAR. 2, sambucifo'lia, Mikah 

 (sp.) ; leaflets 4-6 pairs. 

 V. PYRENA'ICA, L. ; leaves very large cordate deeply toothed. 



Naturalized in plantations ; fl. June-July. A large coarse herb, with no pre- 

 tensions to be considered indigenous. Stem 2-4 ft. Leaves often a foot in 

 diam., upper with a few basal leaflets. Flowers much as in V. ojjicinalis. 

 DISTRIB. S. of France and Spain. 



1*. CENTRAN'THUS, DC. SPUR- VALERIAN. 



Perennial, glabrous, leafy herbs. Flowers in terminal unilateral panicled 

 cymes, bracteolate, red or white. Calyx-limb annular, crenulate, develop- 

 ing into a feathery deciduous pappus. Corolla-tube compressed, elongate, 

 with a longitudinal septum, spurred at the base ; lobes 5, unequal. Stamen 

 1. Stigma capitate. Fruit membranous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. DISTRIB. 

 luirope, N. Africa, W. Asia ; species about 10. ETYM. Kfvrpos and avdos, 

 from the spurred corolla. 



C. RU'BER, DC. ; lower leaves lanceolate, upper triangular ovate. 

 Old walls and chalk-pits, naturalized in the S. of England and Ireland, rarer 

 northwards; fl. June-Sept. Stem woody below; branches 2-3 ft., erect, 

 terete, fistular. Leaves 2-4 in., thick; lower 2-3 in., petioled, lanceolate or 

 subspathulate ; upper sessile, entire or toothed at the base. Cymes long ; 

 flowers dense, secund. Corolla \ in., red or white ; spur slender. Fruit 

 i in., rough, narrow, ovoid, compressed. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, 

 N. Africa, W. Asia. 



2. VALERIANEL LA, Tournef. CORN SALAD. 

 Small annuals, dichotomously branched. Flowers solitary or cymose in 

 the forks of the branches, small, bracteate. Calyx-limb toothed lobed 

 or 0. Corolla funnel-shaped, regular, not spurred ; lobes 5, obtuse. 

 Stamens 3. Stigma simple or 3-fid. Fruit compressed, unequal-sided, 

 grooved, 2-3-celled, 1-seeded. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, N. 

 America, species about 50. ETYM. Diininutive of Valeriana. 



1. V. olitoria, Mosnch; cymes capitate, bracts leafy toothed, fertile 



