COMPOSITE. 185 



vegetation; genera about 1,000 ; species about 8,000. PROPERTIES. Too 

 numerous to mention here. 



SKRIES 1. TUBULIFLO'REJS. Flowers all tubular or the outer only ligulate. 



Juice watery. 



TRIBE I. CYNA'REJE. Leaves alternate, usually spinous-toothed. Invo- 

 lucre often globose, bracts spinous. Flowers all tubular, 2-sexual, or 

 the outer female or neuter (dioecious in Serratula and some Cardui), tube 

 slender, ventricose above, lobes very narrow. Anthers much exserted ; 

 connective elongate, stiff. Style-arms usually combined into a pubescent 

 2-fld cylinder, with a ring of hairs or swelling at their base. 

 Anther-cells tailed. 



Outer bracts hooked 1. Arctium. 



Outer bracts spinous, inner spreading 2. Carlina. 



Bracts all unarmed 3. Saussurea. 



Anther-cells not tailed or scarcely so. 



Pappus short unequal or 4. Centaurea. 



Pappus-hairs long. 



Bracts unarmed 5. Serratula. 



Bracts spinescent. Fruit compressed 6. Carduus. 



Bracts spinescent. : Fruit 4-augled and ribbed 7. Onopordon. 



TRIBE II. EUPATO'RIE^E. Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers all tubular, 

 2-sexual. A nther-cells not tailed. Style-arms slender, ^-terete, pubescent, 



stigmatic lines not continued to the base 8. Eupatorium. 



TRIBE III. TUSSILAG INEJE. Leaves alternate, all radical, broad. Outer 

 flowers female, very slender and tubular, or ligulate. Disk flowers tubular, 

 usually 2-sexual. Ant/ter-cells not tailed. Style-arms connate, pubescent, 

 with 2-fid conical tips. 



Heads racemose ; outer flowers tubular 9. Petasites. 



Heads solitary ; outer flowers ligulate 10. Tussilago. 



TRIBE IV. ASTEROI DEJE. Leaves alternate. Ray-flowers female or 

 neuter, ligulate (tubular in Linosyris) ; style-arms linear, obtuse, glabrous, 

 stigmatic lines 'confluent. JJisk-jlou-ers 2-sexual ; anther-cells not tailed ; 

 style-arms linear, glabrous, tipped with a pubescent cone. Papims-hair* 

 or scales rigid or 0. 



Ray -flowers purple, 1-seriate. Pappus rigid 11. Aster. 



Ray-flowers in 2 or more series. Pappus-hairs rigid 12. Erigeron. 



Ray-flowers white or pink. Pappus 13. Bellis. 



Ray- flowers yellow. Pappus-hairs rigid 14. Solidago. 



Ray-flowers 0. Pappus-hairs rigid 15. Linosyris. 



TRIBE V. I NULE.ZE. Leaves alternate. Ray -flower it ligulate, yellow ; disk- 

 flowers tubular ; anther-cells with slender tails. Style-arms and pappus as 



in Asteroidece 16. Inula. 



TRIBE VI. HELIAN'THE-ffi. Leaves opposite. Ray-flowers or ligulate, 

 yellow, female or neuter. Disl-flouxrs 2-sexual. Style-arms as in Asteroidece. 



Pappus of 2 barbed bristles 17. Bidens. 



Pappus of broad ciliate scales 17*. Galinsoga. 



TRIBE VII. ANTHE'MIDE-ffi. Leaves alternate. Ray-flowers ligulate, or 

 tubular and very slender. Anther-cells not tailed. Style-arms linear, 

 with truncate papillose or penicillate tips ; stigmatic margins confluent 

 below. Pappus or minute. 



