194 COMPOSITE. [OKOFOBDOar. 



tened, barbed or toothed, connate at the base. DISTRIB. S. Europe. W. 



Asia, X. Africa ; species 20. ETYM. The old Greek name. 

 1. O. Acan'thium, L. ; leaves sinuate-pinnatifid woolly. 



Waste dry places, from Chester and Lincoln southwards ; an alien or denizen, 

 \\'<ttsun; fl. July-Sept. A stout, hoary or cottony biennial, 2-5 ft. >V. / 

 pinous-winged to the top. Leaves decurrent, toothed and strongly spinous. 

 Head 1J-2 in. diam. ; involucre much contracted at the mouth, very cob- 

 webby ; bracts subulate, spinescent, recurved, green. Flowers pale purple. 

 Fruit ^ in., mottled grey; pappus-hairs white. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia ; 

 introd. in N. America. 



8. EUPATOR IUM, L. HEMP AGRIMONY. 



Herbs or imdershrubs. Leaves usually opposite. Heads few-flowered, 

 white or purplish, in terminal corymbs ; invol. bracts imbricate, 2-3-seriatt-; 

 receptacle flat, naked. Flowers few, all tubular, 2-sexual, 5-fid. Anther- 

 cells without tails. Style-arms long, exserted, cylindric, obtuse, grooved in 

 front, pubescent all over. Fruit angular or striate ; pappus-hairs l-sciiai' . 

 pilose or scabrous. DISTRIB. Chiefly trop. and temp. American, rarer in 

 the Old World ; species about 300. ETYM. The classical name. 



1. E. cannabi'num, L. ; leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets lanceolate serrate. 

 River-banks and moist places ; fl. July-Sept. Pubescent, perennial, woody 

 below. Stem 2-4 ft., subsimple, terete ; branches short. Leaves opposite ; 

 radical petioled, obovate-lanceolate ; cauline subsessile ; leaflets 2-4 in., 

 lanceolate, coarsely serrate. Heads in dense terminal 5-6-flowered corymbs, 

 whitish or pale purple ; invol. bracts about 10, i in., scarious, linear-oblong, 

 obtuse, outer shorter. Flowers 5-6, longer than the involucre. I'c/i/mf 

 white, scabrous. Fruit angled, and corollas covered with scattered resinous 



r'nts. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia to Japan, W. Asia to the Himalaya, 

 Africa. Leaves reputed tonic. 



9. PETASI'TES, Tounief. BUTTER-BUR. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves produced after the flowers, large, broad. Heads 

 purplish or white, subdioecious, in a spiciform panicle terminating an erect 

 brarteate scape ; male heads with a few fern, ray-flowers, female with a few 

 males in the disk ; invol. bracts sub-2-seriate, the exterior few and small ; 

 receptacle flat, naked. MALE fl. Corolla tubular, limb bell-shaped, f- 

 cleft ; anther-cells simple ; styles exserted, stout, arms connate, ovoid or 

 clavate, papillose, terminated by 2 short small cones. FEMALE fl. Corolla 

 tubular, short, very slender, month obliquely truncate, minutely toothed ; 

 style much exserted, arms short. Fruit cylindric, glabrous ; pappus of 

 many very soft slender hairs (much fewer in the male flowers). DISTIMI:. 

 Europe, N. Asia, Arctic America; species about 10. KTYM. WTOO-OS, an 

 umbrella, from the size of the foliage. 



1. P. vnlga'ris, Desf. ; leaves reniform or orbicular-cordate irregularly 

 toothed. Tussilago Petasites, L. and T. hybrida, L. 



Wet meadows and roadsides, from Skye and Moray southwards ; ascends to 

 1,000 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. March-May. Rootstock extensively creep- 

 ing, fleshy, stout. Leaves 3 in. -3 ft. diam., white or cobwebby beneath, 

 and when young above also ; petiole long, stout. Stem 4-18 in. , stout, 



