SOLIDAGO.] COMPOSITES. 197 



Thickets, rocky banks, &c.; ascending to 2,800 ft. in the Highlands; fl. July- 

 Sept. Rootstock stout. Stem erect, sparingly branched, 4-24 in., glabrous, 

 or pubescent with curled hairs. Leaves 1-4 in., obscurely toothed, obtuse or 

 acute. Heads crowded, ^ in., shortly ped uncled, golden yellow ; invol. 

 bracts linear, acute, glabrous, green, margins scarious. Ray-flowers 10-12, 

 spreading ; disk 10-20. Fruit pubescent ; pappus white. DISTEIB. N. temp, 

 and Arctic Europe, Asia, Himalaya, and America. 



VAR. 1 , virgau'rea proper ; tall, leaves all oblong-obovate quite entire.- 

 VAR. 2, angustifo'lia, Gaud.; tall, leaves oblong-lanceolate upper narrower 

 often serrate. VAH. 3, cam'brica, Huds. (sp.); short, leaves broader ciliate, 

 cyme simple, heads larger. Usually in mountainous situations. 



15. LINOSY RIS, Cassini. GOLDIELOCKS. 



Erect, perennial herbs. Leaves crowded, alternate, small, narrow. 

 Heads solitary or corymbose, yellow, not rayed ; invol. bracts in many series, 

 imbricate, shorter than the flowers ; receptacle flat, pitted, margins of the 

 pits fleshy, toothed. Flowers all tubular and 2-sexual, deeply 5-fid ; anthers 

 exserted, cells simple ; style-arms short, with long papillose cones. Fruit 

 oblong, compressed, silky ; pappus-hairs 2-seriate, scabrid. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, W. Asia ; species about 10. ETYM. obscure. 



1. Ii. vulga'ris, Cass. ; leaves quite entire. Chrysocoma, L. 

 Limestone rocks, Orme's Head, Worle Hill, and Berry Head ; a native ? 

 Watson ; fl. Aug.-Sept. Glabrous. Stems -! in., woody at the base, ribbed, 

 simple, wiry, leafy. Leaves 2-3 in., very narrow, acute, rather thick, gra- 

 dually narrowed from beyond the middle to the base, dotted, 1-nerved. 

 Heads V-f in. diam., in terminal, dense, hemispheric corymbs ; peduncles 

 slender, bracteate ; involucre gummy, puberulous, its bracts subulate, much 

 shorter than the flowers. Pappus reddish. DISTRIB. Europe from the 

 Baltic southwards, N. Africa. 



16. I NUIiA, /.. 



Bather rigid herbs. Leaves alternate, erect, entire or toothed. Heads 

 pauicled corymbose or solitary, rayed, yellow ; involucre campanulate, 

 bracts in many series, herbaceous, outer often leafy ; receptacle flat, 

 naked. Ray-flowers female or neuter, 1-seriate, Ijgulate ; style-arms slen- 

 der, obtuse. Disk-flowers tubular, 2-sexual ; anther-cellfc tailed ; style- 

 arms short, terminated by papillose cones. Fruit terete or angled ; pappus- 

 hairs 1-seriate, scabrid, or outer row short. DISTRIB. Europe, temp, and 

 subtrop. Asia ; species about 50. ETYM. The old Latin name. 

 * Pappus without an outer series of short bristles or scales. 



1. I. Cony'za, Z^C*. ; pubescent, leaves ovate-lanceolate, corymbs branched, 

 fruit terete subglabrous. Conyza, squarrosa, L. Ploughman's spikenard. 

 Copses and dry banks, from York and Westmoreland southwards ; fl. July- 

 Wept. Biennial. Stem 2-5 ft., erect. Leaves 3-5 in., downy beneath, lower 

 petioled, upper subsessile. Heads in. ; invol. bracts very unequal, linear- 

 oblong, outer slightly recurved obtuse, inner acuminate ; ligule inconspicuous. 

 Fruit with a few scattered hairs; pappus shining, reddish. DISTRIB. Europe 

 from Denmark southwards, W. Asia. 



2. I. crithmoi des, L. ; glabrous, leaves linear fleshy, heads few in 

 simple corymbs, fruit terete silky. Golden Samphire. 



