BIDEXS.] COMPOSITE. 199 



1 series, ligulate, neuter. Disk-flowers or all campanulate above, 5-toothed ; 

 anther-cells simple ; style-arms linear, tipped by papillose cones. Fruit 

 compressed, ribbed, ribs often aculeate ; pappus of 2-5 rigid barbed 

 bristles. DISTRIB. All temp, and trop. regions ; species about 60. ETYM. 

 From the 2 stiff pappus -bristles of some species. 



1. B. cer'nua, L. ; leaves sessile undivided, heads drooping. 



Watery places from Elgin and Dumbarton southwards ; fl. July-Oct. Gla- 

 brous, or slightly hispid above. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, succulent, terete, 

 branched above, leafy. Leaves 2-3 in., in connate pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 

 coarsely serrate. Heads 1-1^ in. diam.; peduncles ebracteate ; outer in vol. 

 bracts leafy, spreading or reflexed ; inner shorter, broadly-oblong, obtuse, 

 streaked with black. Ray-Jloivers few, short, broad, or 0. fruit narrow- 

 obovoid, ribs 4 with reversed bristles ; pappus-bristles usually 4. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, Siberia, N.W. India, N. America. 



VAR. 1, discoi'dea; ray 0. Abundant. VAR. 2, radio, 'ta ; rayed. Rare and 

 local, England only. 



2. B. triparti'ta, L. ; leaves petioled simple or 3-cleft, heads suberect. 

 Watery places from Isla and Clackmannan southwards ; fl. July-Sept. Habit 



of B. cermia, but more slender ; leaves often 3-partite ; head smaller ; outer 

 invol. bracts narrower, inner acute, and pappus-bristles 2 shorter. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, W. Asia, N.W. India, N. America. 



17*. GALINSffGA. Ruiz and Pavon. 



Annual trichotomously branched herbs. Leaves opposite, triple-nerved, 

 serrate. Flower-heads small, yellow, rayed; invol. bracts 1 -seriate, margins 

 scarious ; receptacle conical, with entire or 3-fid lanceolate bracteoles under 

 each flower. Ray-flowers female ; tube short, pubescent ; ligule very broad, 

 short, 3-fid ; style-arms linear, obtuse. Disk-flowers tubular, 2-sexual, 

 o -toothed ; anthers short, with a short terminal appendage, cells shortly 

 tailed. Fruit hispid ; pappus of ] series of ciliate scales. DISTRIB. S. 

 America; species 1 or 2. ETYM. Don M.M.de Galinsoga, a Spanish botanist. 



G. PARVIFLO'RA, Cav. ; leaves ovate obtusely-serrate ciliate. 

 Cultivated fields and roadsides ; abundant at Kew, and increasing ; introd- 



from Peru ; fl. July-Oct. More or less pubescent. Stem 1-2 ft., slender. 



Leaves 1-2 in., shortly petioled. Heads in dichotomous cymes, -Jin. diam.. 



peduncles ebracteate, glandular ; involucre hemispherical ; bracts unequal; 



oblong, ciliate. Ray-flowers 4-6. Fruit obovoid, compressed, black ; pappus, 



scales 10-15, narrow-oblong. DISTRIB. Trop. S. America. 



18. ANTHE'MIS, L. 



Herbs, sometimes shrubby below, strong-scented. Leaves alternate, 

 2-pinnatifid. Heads solitary, yellow, with (rarely without) a broad white 

 ray ; invol. bracts imbricate, in few series ; receptacle flat or conic ; brac- 

 teoles membranous, slender. Ray -flowers 1 -seriate, ligulate, female or 

 neuter ; style-arms short, edges thickened, tips obtuse papillose. Disk- 

 flowers tubular, 2-sexual, 5-toothed ; anther-cells not tailed ; style-arms as 

 in the female. Fruit subterete, grooved or striate, crowned with a tumid 

 disk ; pappus 0, or a short membrane. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. 

 Asia ; species about 35. ETYM. The old Greek name. 



