204 COMPOSITE. [ARTEMISIA. 



fl. Aug. -Sept. Perennial, very aromatic, silkily pubescent. Stems 1-3 ft., 

 ascending, grooved and angled. Leaves 1-2 in., dotted, 2-3-pinnatifid ; 

 segments many, spreading. Heads hemispheric, subsessile, in panicled leafy 

 racemes, yellow ; receptacle pilose. Jiai/-corol(as dilated below. DISTHIB. 

 Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, Dahuria, N.'W. India, N. America. Aromatic, 

 tonic, vermifuge, and used to flavour drinks. 



4. A. marit ima, L. ; leaves white and woolly beneath, segments linear 

 obtuse, heads erect or drooping cottony, flowers all fertile. 

 tia.lt marshes and ditches, rare in Scotland, from Wigton and Aberdeen south- 

 wards ; Co. Dublin in Ireland ; fl. Aug. -Sept. Woolly or hoary, scarcely 

 aromatic. Rootstock woody, branched. Stem 10-18 in. , ascending. Leaves 

 1-2 in., 2-piunatifid; segments many, very narrow, spreading. Heads crowded 

 in short, erect, panicled spikes, reddish, narrow oblong ; receptacle glabrous. 

 DISTRIB. Coasts of Europe and salt tracts of Siberia, and W. Asia. 

 A. gallica, Willd. (sp.), is not distinguishable as a well-marked variety, 

 either by its more compact habit or erect heads. 



25. GNAPHA'LIUM, L. CUD-WEED. 



Herbs, sometimes shrubby below, usually tomentose or woolly. Leaves 

 radical, or radical and cauliue. Heads small, usually in terminal or 

 axillary fascicled cymes or corymbs ; invol. bracts appressed, almost trans- 

 parent, as long as the flowers, coloured ; receptacle flat, naked. Outer 

 jiowers female, in 1 or more series, very slender ; style-arms slender, tips 

 truncate, papillose. Disk-flowers 2-sexual, limb dilated 5-lobed ; anther- 

 cells tailed ; style-arms short. Fruit terete or compressed ; pappus- 

 hairs 1 -seriate, very slender. DISTRIB. All temp, and sub-trop. regions ; 

 species about 100. ETYM. yv&^aXov, from their woolly habit. 



* Stem leafy. Female jiowers in many series. Fruit terete. 



1. G. luteo-album, L. ; annual, stems simple, heads very glistening 

 in dense ebracteate corymbs. 



Light soils, Jersey and Guernsey ; sporadic and doubtfully indigenous in Nor- 

 folk, Suffolk, and Sussex ; fl. July-Aug. Densely cottony. Stems many, 

 6-12 in., decumbent at the base, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., linear-oblong, obtuse 

 or acute, ^-amplexicaul, margin sinuate. Heads in. diam., pale yellow; 

 invol. scales hyaline. Fruit papillose. DISTRIB. All warm countries. 



2. G. sylvat'icum, L. ; perennial, stems simple, heads in leafy racemes 

 or spikes, or in alternate fascicles along the spike. 



Woods, pastures, and copses, ascending to 1,600 ft. in the Highlands ; rare 

 in the south ; fl. July-Sept. White, cottony. Rootstock woody. Stem* 

 2-12 in. Leaves 1-3 in., narrowly linear or obovate-lanceolate, acute, 1- 

 nerved ; petiole not J-amplexicaul. Heads subcylindric, ^ in. ; invol. 

 bracts unequal, scarious, yellow or red-brown above, obtuse, outer 

 cottony. Fruit puberulous. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, W. Asia, 

 N. America. 



VAR. 1, red turn, Sm. (sp.) ; leaves narrow usually woolly below only, spike 

 elongate, pappus white or brown. VAR. 2, norve'gicum, Gunn. (sp.) ; leaves 

 broader, woolly on both surfaces, floral suddenly smaller, spike short, invol. 

 bracts very dark, fruit longer, pappus white. Mts. of Forfarshire, Atholl, 

 Perth and Boss ; absent from England and Ireland. 



