DOROXICUM.] COMPOSITE. 207 



ceptacle conical, naked or pubescent. Ray-flowers ligulate, usually female 

 only ; style-arms truncate, peiiicillate at the tip only. Disk-flowers 

 dilated above, 5-toothed ; anther-cells not tailed ; style-arms obtuse. Fruit, 

 oblong-turbinate, furrowed ; pappus-hairs of the ray or 1-3, of the disk 

 in many series. Europe, N. Asia, Mts. of India. 



D. PARDALIAN'CHES, L. ; radical leaves ovate-cordate, heads usually 3-5. 

 Naturalized in plantations; fl. May-July. Pubescent and pilose. Rootstock 

 creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 2-3 ft. Radical leaves 2-5 in., long-petioled, 

 rounded at the tip ; lower cauline ovate with dilated amplexicaul petioles, 

 upper sessile. Heads 1^-2 in. diam., long-peduncled ; invol. bracts long, 

 subulate-lanceolate, glandular ; receptacle pubescent. Fruit black, ribbed, 

 of the ray glabrous without pappus, of the disk hairy with white pappus. 

 DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe. Reputed poisonous. 

 D. PLANTAGIN'ECM, L. ; radical leaves ovate, head usually solitary. 

 Naturalized in plantations ; fl. June-July. Habit of the preceding, but 

 more slender and glabrous ; leaves narrower, not cordate, usually narrowed 

 into the petiole, repand-toothed, 3-5-ribbed, uppermost oblong. DISTUJB. 

 W. Europe from Belgium southwards. 



28. SENECIO, L. 



Herbs (the British species). Leaves alternate. Heads solitary or co- 

 rymbose, usually yellow ; invol. bracts 1-seriate with sometimes a few 

 smaller at the base, narrow, appressed, herbaceous, usually discoloured at 

 the tip ; receptacle naked, smooth or pitted. Ray-flowers when present 

 1 -seriate, female; style-arms truncate, tips penicillate. Disk-flowers 

 tubular, 2-sexual, 5-toothed ; anther-cells not tailed ; style-arms obtuse. 

 Fruit terete or angled, furrowed ; pappus-hairs in many series, soft, slender, 

 equal in length, caducous. All temp, and cold climates ; species about 

 500. ETYM. sencx, from the abundant hoary pappus. 



SECTION 1. Sene'cio proper. Involucre with a few small bracts at 

 the base. Leaves pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid ; except S. aquaticus. 



1. S. vulga'ris, L.; annual, eglandular, heads few drooping, outer 

 invol. bracts many, ligules usually 0. Groundsel. 



Waste places, ascending to 1,600 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. all the year. 

 Glabrous or cottony. Stem 6-15 in., often branched from the base, suc- 

 culent. Leaves pinnatifid, irregularly coarsely toothed. Heads ^ in., cylindric, 

 conical after flowering ; outer invol. bracts dark, ovate-subulate. Fruit 

 ribbed, silky. DISTKIB. Europe (Arctic) ; introd. in all cool climates. 



VAE. radia'tiis, Koch ; ray-flowers with short ligules. Channel Islands. 



2. S. sylvat'icus, L. ; annual, slightly glandular-pubescent, heads 

 many spreading, outer invol. bracts very few subulate or 0, ligule short. 

 Dry banks and pastures, ascending to 1,000 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. July- 

 Sept. Foetid. Stem ^-3 ft., erect, leafy. Leaves as in S. nulr/aris, but more 

 deeply cut. Heads ^"in., cylindric ; peduncles slender.- Fruit faintly ribbed, 

 silky. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia. S. lividus, Sm. not L., is a form with 

 larger auricles to the upper leaves. 



3. S. visco'sus, L. ; annual, glandular-pubescent viscid, heads few 

 broad erect, outer invol. bracts few green as long as the inner. 



