208 COMPOSITE. [SENECIO. 



Waste dry ground, local, from Forfar and Dumbarton southwards, very rare 

 in Ireland ; fl. July-Aug. Foetid. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, rigid, grooved and 

 angled, flexuous, branched. Leaves broad, sub-2-pinnatifid. Heads cam- 

 panulate, nearly \ in. long and ^ in. diam. Fruit slender, ribbed, glabrous. 

 DISTRIB. Europe. 



4. 8. Jacobse'a, L. ; perennial, 'tall, erect, almost glabrous, heads in a 

 dense corymb, fruit of ray ribbed glabrous. Ragwort. 



Roadsides and pastures, ascending to 2,100 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. June- 

 Sept. Glabrous or slightly cottony. Stem 1-4 ft., stout, leafy. Leaves 

 pinnatifid or irregularly 2-pinnatifid, lobed and toothed, terminal lobe large 

 or small ; upper leaves auricled, sessile ; lower petioled. Heads -1 in. 

 diam., bright yellow, campanulate ; outer invol. bracts few, small, subulate ; 

 peduncle slender, bracteate. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia, Dahuria, N.W. 

 India. A variety without ray rarely occurs. 



5. S. erucsefo iius, L. ; perennial, tall, erect, cottony or pubescent, 

 heads in a dense corymb, fruits all ribbed hairy. S. tenuifolius, Jacq. 

 Roadsides and banks from Berwick and Lanark southwards ; E. of Ireland, 



very rare ; fl. July-Aug. Habit of S. Jacobcea, but more pubescent with 

 curled hairs, especially above ; rootstock shortly creeping ; leaves broader, 

 simply pinnatifid, with narrower lobes ; heads larger, and pappus dirty 

 white. DISTRIB. Europe from Gothland southwards, Siberia, Dahuria. 



6. S. aquat'icus, ffuds. ; biennial, tall, erect, rarely glabrous, heads in 

 a very lax corymb, fruits all ribbed glabrous. 



Sides of rivers, ditches, &c., abundant ; ascending to 1,500 ft. in the Lake 

 district ; fl. July-Aug. Very similar to S. Jacobcea, but usually of laxer 

 growth, with longer petioled leaves, and larger heads. Radical leaves very 

 variable, petioled, ovate or oblong, irregularly toothed, undivided or lobed, 

 auricled or pinnatifid at the base, often purple below ; upper irregularly 

 lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads 1-11 in. diam.; peduncles slender. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, Siberia. S. barbarceifoiiiis, Reich., is a state with pinnatifid leaves. 

 S. SQUAL'IDUS, L. ; annual or biennial, glabrous, stem short flexuous 



leafy, heads in a very lax corymb, fruits all ribbed silky. 



Naturalized on old walls, &c., Oxford, Bideford, Allesley Church, Warwick, 

 Cork ; fl. June-Oct. Stem 8-12 in., rather stout. Leaves irregularly lyrate- 

 pinnatifid, lobes long or short, toothed lobulate or subentire, upper "auricled 

 and j-amplexicaul. Heads | in. broad ; involucre broadly campanulate, 

 bracts narrower than in the other species of this section ; outer numerous, 

 small, all usually dark-tipped. DISTRIB. S. Europe. 



** Leaves utidivided, toothed. 

 S. SARACEN'ICUS, L. ; leaves glabrous or nearly so, ray-flowers few. 



Naturalized by river-sides and in moist meadows, from Aberdeen southwards, 

 and in Ireland ; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 

 3-5 ft., erect, stout, leafy. Leaves 5-8 in., linear-oblong, acute, sessile, 

 lower shortly petioled, lowest auricled and j-amplexicaul. Heads ^ in. 

 diam., many, in lax puberulous corymbs ; peduncles short, bracteate ; in- 

 volucre broadly campanulate, outer bracts subulate, inner narrowly linear- 

 oblong, tipped with brown. Fruit glabrous. DISTRIB. Europe from 

 Holland southwards, Siberia. Used as a styptic by Irish peasants. 



7. S. paludo'sus, L. ; leaves cottony beneath, ray-flowers very many. 



