SEXECIO.] COMPOSITES. 209 



Fens of Lincoln, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridge, but now almost extinct ; 

 fi. June-July. Rootstock short. Stems 3-6 ft., stout, erect, branched at the 

 top, glabrous or slightly cottony, leafy. Leaves 3-6 in., sessile, narrowly 

 oblong-lanceolate, coarsely serrate. Heads lin. diam., in lax, spreading, 

 simple or compound corymbs ; peduncles long, bracteate ; involucre broadly 

 campanulate, outer bracts long subulate, inner obtuse. Fruit glabrous. 

 DISTRIB. Europe from Gothland southwards, Siberia. 



SECTION 2. Cineraria, L. (gen.). Outer invol, bracts 0. Ray-flowers 

 spreading. 



8. S. paluB'tris, DC. ; tall, erect, leafy, pubescent or villous, stem 

 hollow, leaves" sessile, heads many, fruit ribbed glabrous. 



Fens of the Eastern counties, but now almost extinct ; fl. June-July. 

 Biennial. Stem erect, 2-3 ft., stout, ribbed, unbranched. Leaves 3-5 in., 

 ^-amplexicaul, oblong-lanceolate, sinuate-toothed, acute or obtuse. Heads 

 f-1 in. diam., pale yellow, crowded in compound corymbs, broadly cam- 

 panulate, villous with crisped hairs, short, as are the peduncles ; invol. 

 bracts many, slender. Jiay-flwcers short. DiSTKiB. Europe from Gothland 

 to France and Austria, Siberia, Dahuria, N. America (Arctic). 



9. S. campes'tri*, DC. ; scapigerous, pubescent and cottony, leaves 

 petioled, heads few, fruit ribbed silky. Cineraria integrifolia, "With. 

 Dry banks and chalk downs, from Anglesea and Cambridge to Sussex and 



Dorset ; fl. May-June. Rootstock short, fibres thick. Radical leaves 1-2 in., 

 spreading, coriaceous, shortly petioled, ovate, obtuse, entire or sinuate- 

 toothed, pubescent under the cottony hairs. Scape 4-12 in., stout or 

 slender bracts, narrow long appressed. Heads 1 in. diam., pale yellow ; 

 peduncle stout, erect, bracteate at the base ; involucre broadly campanulate ; 

 bracts narrow, obtuse. Ray-flowers as long as the bracts. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic) to France and Italy, Siberia, Dahuria, N. America. 

 VAR. marit'ima, Syme ; leaves broadly toothed. Maritime rocks, Holyhead. 



39. LAPSA'NA, L. NIPPLEWORT. 



A slender, erect, annual, branched herb ; juice milky. Leaves alternate, 

 petioled, lower lyrate, upper toothed or entire. Flower-heads small, yellow ; 

 invol. bracts few, 1 -seriate, erect, outermost small ; receptacle flat, 

 naked, dotted. Corollas all ligulate ; anther-cells not tailed ; top of style 

 and its linear obtuse arms pilose. Fruit slightly compressed, curved, 

 striate, not beaked ; pappus 0. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa ; 

 species 4. ETYM. An old Latin name. 



1. L. communis, L. ; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, upper entire. 

 Waste and cultivated ground ; ascending to 1,300 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. , 

 July-Sept. Stem 1-2 ft., paniculately branched, hairs spreading. Leaves 

 contracted into the petiole, membranous, terminal lobe very large, sinuate- 

 toothed, lateral small. Heads many, J in.; peduncles short, slender, 

 naked ; invol. bracts 8-10, linear, rigid, keeled, green, glandular or gla- 

 brous, tip contracted obtuse. Fruit pale. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. 

 Africa, Siberia, W. Asia to N.W. India ; introd. in the United States. 

 Formerly eaten as a salad. 



