CREPIS.] COMPOSITE. 217 



Lean-it very variable. Peduncles rigid, deeply grooved. Heads \ in. diam., 

 campanulate ; involucre contracted in fruit ; bracts very rigid, slender, 

 keeled, outer subulate spreading, inner linear shorter than the pappus, 

 hardening. Fruits all slender with long beaks. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe. 



SCB-GEX. 3. Ara'cium, Monn. (gen.). Peduncles very slender ; buds 

 erect. Fruit slender, not beaked, many-ribbed, quite smooth. Pappus 

 of dirty-white fragile hairs. 



6. C. paludo'sa, Mosnch ; radical leaves obovate-lanceolate, petiole 

 slender, cauline sessile amplexicaul auricled. Hieracium paludosum, L. 

 Moist mountain meadows, copses, &c. from S. Wales and Leicester northwards ; 

 ascending to near 2,000 ft. in the Highlands ; N. of Ireland ; fl. July-Sept. 

 Perennial ; glabrous, inflorescence, covered with black glandular hairs. 

 Stem 1-3 ft., slender, furrowed. Leaves membranous, runcinate-toothed, 

 long-acuminate ; radical 3-5 in. ; cauline contracted in the lower third. 

 Heads few, f-1 in. diam., corymbose ; bracts of peduncles minute, subulate 

 with toothed bases ; ligules yellow ; styles livid. Fruit cylindric, deeply 

 grooved, strongly ribbed, obscurely contracted at the top, pale. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), excl. Turkey, W. Siberia. Intermediate between Hiera- 

 cium and Crepis, having the pappus of the former and all other characters 

 of the latter. 



4O. SON'CHUS, L. SOWTHISTLE. 



Annual or perennial, often succulent brittle herbs ; juice milky. Leaves 

 alternate, toothed or pinnatifid. Heads corymbose or subumbellate, yellow ; 

 involucre conical after flowering, scales in many series, imbricate ; recep- 

 tacle flat, naked, pitted. Corollas all ligulate ; anther-cells shortly tailed ; 

 style-arms slender, and upper part of style hairy. Fruit truncate, much 

 compressed, grooved, ribbed, usually transversely rugose, pappus-hairs in 

 many series, simple, silky. DISTRIB. N. and S. temp, regions; species 

 about 40. ETYM. doubtful. 



1. S. arven'sis, L. ; rootstock creeping stoloniferous, leaves sharply 

 toothed, lower runcinate, upper oblong-lanceolate ^-amplexicaul, auricles 

 obtuse, inflorescence glandular-hispid. 



Cultivated fields, ascending to near 1,000 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. Aug.- 

 Sept.Stem 2-4 ft., tubular, angled, simple or branched. Leaves very 

 variable, margin waved, almost spinous ; glaucous below. Heads 1-2 in. 

 diam.; involucre broadly campanulate. Fruit light -brown. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, temp. Asia ; introd. in America. 



2. S. palus tris, L. ; rootstock branched, leaves minutely toothed, 

 lower runcinate with few segments, upper entire sessile sagittate, auricles 

 ;-.cute, inflorescence glandular-hispid. 



Marshes in England, very rare ; formerly found in Suffolk, Huntingdon, Kent, 

 and Essex, now all but extinot except on the Thames below Woolwich ; 

 fl. Oct. Stem 5-7 ft., strict, stout, tubular, angled, leafy. Leaves long- 

 acuminate, lower very large and long, often reduced to one sagittate blade 

 and a broad winged petiole, very glaucous beneath. Heads f-1 in. diam., 

 pale yellow, subumbellate ; peduncles stout, very hispid and glandular. 

 Fruit 4-ribbed, pale. DISTRIB. Europe from Denmark southwards. 



