HIERACIUM.] COMPOSITE. 219 



fact, that the sequence of the species is so obvious as to have be on recognised 

 by all botanists ; and that this sequence represents to a very considerable 

 extent the spread of the species in altitude and area in the British Isles. 



SECTION 1. Piloselloi'dea. Rootstock stoloiiiferous. Stem- scape- 

 like. Invol. scales irregularly imbricate. Ligules glabrous. Fruit minute, 

 furrowed, crowned with a crenate disk ; pappus-hairs slender, equal. 



1. H. Pilosel la, L. ; stolons long, scape leafless, heads solitary, invol. 

 bracts acute, ligules pale yellow, styles yellow. Mouse-ear Hawkweed. 

 Banks, wall-tops, &c. ; ascends to 2,400 ft. in Yorkshire ; fl. May-Aug. 



Villous with long soft hairs. Stolons creeping. Leaves 2-4 in., oblong- 

 lanceolate or obovate-spathulate, stellately downy beneath. Scapes 2-10 in., 

 with 1-3 leaves or 0. Heads -1 in. diam. ; involucre subcampanulate and 

 top of scape stellately downy and with glandular hairs ; ligule often striped 

 with brown on the back. Fruit ^ in., dark. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, 

 Siberia, W. Asia. 



VAR. Pelete'rianum, Mer. (sp.) ; more densely silky, stolons shorter, heads 

 larger. H. pUosissimum, fries. 

 H. AURANTI'ACUM, L. ; rootstock creeping, stolons short or 0, heads 



corymbose, iuvol. bracts obtuse, ligules orange, styles brown. 



Naturalized in copses in the N. of England and Scotland ; fl. June-July. 

 A larger plant than H. PHosella; leaves not pubescent below; flowers 

 orange-red. DISTRIB. Scandinavia, and Pyrenees to the Carpathians. 



2. H. collinum, Fries; stolons short, scape slender laxly hairy 

 below, involucre floccose and covered with glandular black hairs, heads 

 small corymbose, invol. bracts linear obtuse, ligules pale yellow. 



Ettrick river, between Selkirk and Philiphaugh ; fl. June. Rootstock 1-2 in., 

 oblique, truncate, with several short branches, the outer being stolons. 

 Leaves 2-3 in., narrow oblong- or spathulate-lanceolate, subacute, narrowed 

 into petioles, quite entire, covered like the scape below with long flexuous scat- 

 tered (tawny when dry) hairs or setae with bulbous bases, slightly stellately 

 downy beneath. Scape 10-14 in., with one sessile narrow leaf below the 

 middle. Heads ^ in., rather crowded ; involucre cylindric-eampanulate. 

 DISTUIB. Scandinavia (Arctic). Probably the H. Auricula, L., found in 

 Westmoreland by Hudson (//. dubium, " Flora Danica," t. 1,044). 



SECTION 2. Pulmona'rea. Stolons 0. Rootstock with a persistent rosette 

 of leaves. Stem or scape naked or 1-few-leaved. Invol. bracts irregularly 

 imbricate. Ligules hairy at the back and tip, or tip only. Fruit short, 

 furrowed, without a crenate disk ; pappus -hairs rigid, unequal. 



3. H . alpi'num, L. ; green, not glaucous, softly pilose and shaggy, scape 

 4-10 in. with 1-2 small leaves or 0, invol. bracts softly silky, outer lax or 

 spreading, ligules hairy on the back or tip. 



Alps of Aberdeen and Forfar, alt. 2,000-4,000 ft., rare; Breadalbane Mts., 

 Ben Nevis, and in Cumberland ; absent from Ireland ; fl. July- Aug. Heads 

 1-1^ in. diam., bright or pale yellow. DISTRIB. N. and Arctic Europe, Asia, 

 and America, Alps of Mid. and S. Europe, exclusive of Pyrenees. A scarce 

 plant : the following varieties appear to be very local. 



VAR. 1, melanoceptiatum, Tausch. (sp.).; leaves lanceolate or spathulate nearly 

 glabrous above, head solitary, invol. hemispheric, hairs black, bracts all 



