220 COMPOSITE. [1 1 1 r, i: ATI r.M. 



acute, outer lax, style yellow. H. alpi'num, Backh. Scotland. - YAK. 2, 

 holoserideum, Backh. (sp.); leaves as in VAR. 1, or lanceolate but obtuse 

 entire and pilose on both surfaces, heads solitary, invol. turbinate, hairs 

 long white, outer bracts broad obtuse, inner acute appressed, style yellow. 

 Scotland and Cumberland. VAR. 3, exim'wm, Backh. (sp.) ; taller, 6-15 in., 

 leaves lanceolate hairy on both surfaces, heads 1 or few, invol. truncate 

 below, hairs black, bracts many slender acute, style yellow or livid. Scot- 

 land. VAR. 4, calendulijlo'rum, Backh. (sp.); stem simple or branched, 

 leaves broadly obovate obtuse toothed, primordial orbicular, invol. rounded 

 at the base, hairs silky black, bracts acute, style livid. Cumberland and 

 Scotland. The handsomest form, indicating a passage to H. nigrescent. 



4. H. nigres'cens, Willd.; more or less covered with scattered soft 

 hairs, scape 6-18 in. with 1-2 small leaves or 0, involucre villous, hairs 

 black glandular, outer bracts lax, ligules glabrous or nearly so. 



Alps of Scotland and Cumberland ; ascends to 4,500 ft. ; absent from Ireland ; 

 fl. Aug.-Sept. Quite intermediate between //. <///-//,"/ and L<i,>:,n,i in 

 size, altitudinal distribution, and area. Usually larger and more slender 

 than alpitium, with broader, narrower, coarsely toothed leaves, much shorter 

 soft hairs, and blacker bristles and glands on the involucre ; heads as 

 large. 



VAR. 1, pulmona'rium, Sm. (sp.) ; leaves with large irregular teeth, cauline few, 

 involucre dark green ovoid at the base, bracts rather broad outer obtuse, 

 tips woolly, flowers deep yellow, style dark. H. nigreneens, Backh. Alps of 

 Scotland, ascending to 3,000 ft. VAR. 2, gracileritum, Backh. (sp.) ; green, 

 root-leaves lanceolate, cauline few large, involucre ventricoso black with 

 soft hairs and glands, bracts broad woolly at the tips, ligules nearly glabrous 

 on the back, styles livid. Scotland. Very near alpinum indeed. VAR. 3, 

 globf/mm, Backh. (sp.); glaucous or green, radical leaves ovate, cauline few 

 small bract-like or 0, buds globose, heads large, involucre rounded at the 

 base at last spherical, bracts appressed, styles yellow. Cairngorm range. 

 VAR. 4, c/tn/sa/i't/tttm, Backh. (sp.); green, radical leaves ovate sharply 

 coarsely toothed long-petioled, cauline minute narrow petioled, involucre 

 rounded at the base, hairs and glandular hairs short, bracts many, styles 

 yellow or faintly livid. H. rupestre, Bab. Frequent in Scotland, rare in 

 Cumberland. VAR. 5, senedcens, Backh. (sp.); green, radical leaves lance- 

 olate evenly toothed, cauline linear-lanceolate petioled, heads 2 or more, 

 involucre ovoid at the base, bracts woolly at the tip incurved in bud, styles 

 yellow. Scotch Alps. VAR. 6, Ungula'tum, Backh. (sp.); green, 15-'24"in., 

 radical leaves few toothed coarsely hairy above, petioles short, cauline few 

 sessile, heads several, involucre broad at length truncate at the base, dark 

 with hairs, bracts straight in bud, styles livid. H. sazl/ragum, Bab. ; //. 

 divarication, Don. Scotch mountains, ascending to 2,500 ft. 



5. H. Lawsoni, Sm. (not Villars) glaucous green, 1-2 ft, stem 

 more or less leafy slightly hairy or glabrous below, radical leaves ovate* 

 lanceolate, petioles shaggy, cauline oblong or ovate broad sessile ani|>If\i- 

 caul, heads 1-5 1-14 in. diam., ligules many, styles livid. 



Mountain districts of England, Scotland, and Ireland ; ascending to 2,700 ft. ; 

 not found in Wales ; fl. July-Aug. A handsome species, best characterised 

 by its size, ovate-lanceolate leaves, shaggy petioles, several (rarely 1) large 

 bright-coloured heads, and livid styles.- -DisTRiB. Pyrenees. 



Sub-sp. ANQ'LICUM, FrUt (sp.) ; petioles long shaggy winged, cauline leaves 



