HIERACIVM.] . COMPOSITE. 221 



1-2 ovate, heads 2-5, involucre ventricose rounded at the base, bracts 

 slender, ligules pilose at the tip. H. cerinthoides, Backh. not L. 



Sub-sp. I'KICUM, Fries (sp.) ; more robust and leafy, radical leaves in a less 

 marked rosette or scattered, petioles shorter, cauline broadly ovate not con- 

 tracted above the base, involucres truncate at the base constricted after 

 flowering, ligules glabrous. //. Lapeyrousii, Bab. not Froel. This, which 

 is confined to Great Britain, bears much the same relation in foliage to 

 angliciim that tridentatum does to vulyatum. 

 6. H. muro'nim, L. ; green or glaucous, stem 12 ft. glabrous or 



nearly so below, primordial leaves suborbicular, radical in a distinct rosette. 



ovate cordate or rounded at the base entire or toothed, cauline or very 



few, heads 2-6 -1 in. diam. , peduncles floccose and covered with scattered 



simple and gland-tipped hairs. 



Woods, heaths, walls and rocks ; ascends to 2,000 ft.; fl. July-Sept. This is 

 the commonest Hieracium of Britain except Pilosella and sylvaticum, and 

 best distinguished from the preceding by the smaller heads and less robust 

 habit ; and from H. niyrescens by its large size and less villous or hairy stem 

 and involucres ; but there is every transition between these and the follow- 

 ing. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, W. Asia to N.W. India, N. America. 

 I can make nothing of the following sub-species and varieties, which are 

 adopted from Backhouse's monograph. 



Sub-sp. MURO'RUM proper ; green, radical leaves toothed slightly hairy, petioles 

 slender, cauline often large and petioled, heads many small, peduncles 

 short, involucre rather ventricose more or less villous with black and gland- 

 tipped hairs, styles livid or yellow. The common form. VAR. 1, nitid'um, 

 Backh. (sp. ) ; radical leaves dark green lanceolate coarsely toothed, in- 

 volucre more ventricose, style yellow. Aberdeen alps. The passage to 

 //. niyrescens. VAR. 2, agyreyu'tum, Backh. (sp.) ; radical leaves broader 

 obtuse toothed below, glabrous or hairy beneath and ciliate, cauline sub- 

 sessile, peduncles erect crowded umbellate and narrow turbinate involucres 

 densely floccose, bracts obtuse. Aberdeen alps. 



Sub-sp. FAL'LIDUM, Backli. (sp.) ; very glaucous, radical leaves ovate or lance- 

 olate conspicuously fringed with long hairs, cauline sessile or the lower 

 petioled, heads 2-6, involucre ventricose ovoid at the base constricted above 

 with few simple or gland-tipped hairs, bracts appressed acute, styles yellow. 

 England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1,000-2,000 ft. Very near H. anglicum. 

 VAR. 1, cimras'cens, Jord. (sp.); still more hairy and glaucous, stem pilose 

 fragile, peduncles and involucres more densely setose and hoary. H. lasio- 

 phyllum, Backh. VAR. 2, argen'teum, Fries (sp. ); very glaucous, almost 

 glabrous, stem fragile tubular and subentire radical leaves almost glabrous, 

 cauline sessile or the lower stalked, peduncles long rigid and small involucres 

 with scattered hairs. 



Sub-sp. C^'SIUM, Backh. (sp.) ; dull glaucous-green, radical leaves coriaceous 

 usually narrowed to a toothed base, glabrous above, cauline or very small 

 and sessile, heads few large, involucre subglobose almost glandless and less 

 hairy hoary with stellate down, ligules bright yellow glabrous, styles livid. 

 Yorkshire and Scotch Mts. Forms the passage to //. sylvaticum. VAR. 1,- 

 Gibso'ni, Backh. (sp.) ; stem wiry often forked, radical leaves broadly ovate, 

 base obtuse, teeth small spotted with purple, petioles slender short, peduncles 

 rigid floccose and setose, invol. bracts short broad obtuse margins downy, 

 styles yellow. H. hypoclweroides, Gibson. Yorkshire on mountain limestone 

 (this I have not seen). VAR. 2, flocculo' sum, Backh. (sp.) ; ashy-green, 



