222 COMPOSITE. [HIF.RA.-II-.M. 



stem floccose throughout rather leafy, radical leaves more or less toothed 

 narrowed into long petioles stellately downy on both surfaces, caulino largo 

 ^-amplexicaul, involucre ovoid hoary with whitish hairs, bracts acuminate. 

 H. stelliyernm., Backh. not Froal. Clova Mts. VAK. 3, ol.t.ixlfo'i;,!,,,. 

 Backh. (sp.); yellow-green, stem 1-leaved, petioles densely villous, peduncles 

 spreading, involucres ventricose truncate at the base, ligules pilose at the 

 tips. H. ca:tii'in, var. nhtnaijoH'iiii., Bab. Clova Mts. 



7. H. sylvat'icum, Sm.\ green or glaucous, stem 1-3 ft. nearly gla- 

 brous below, primordial leaves lanceolate, radical petioled distinctly alter- 

 nate lanceolate sharply toothed or subpinnutifid, teeth pointing forwards, 

 cauliue 2-8, heads f-1 in. diam. panicled or corymbose and peduncles 

 tioccose and with simple and gland-tipped hairs rarely naked, ligule.s 

 glabrous, styles livid. 



Banks and copses especially in hilly districts ; ascending to 3,500 ft. in the 

 Highlands ; rare in Ireland ; fl. July-Sept. Very variable, best distinguishei I 

 from H. murorum by the narrower leaves less crowded in a rosette, and 

 more leafy stem ; but some vars. of murorum, as cvesium and nitiili/m. would 

 rank with this in form of foliage. The more leafy states, as gothiaim and 

 tridentatum, show a passage to boreale and crocatiim. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic), Siberia, Dahuria, N. America. 



Sub-sp. VULGA'TUM, Fries (sp.); green or glaucous, stem 1-1 ^ ft. hardly 

 leafy, radical leaves petioled in a persistent loose rosette toothed in the 

 middle or nearly entire often spotted, cauline petioled upper sessile, heads 

 many, peduncles straight, involucre cylindric in bud floccose and with 

 gland-tipped hairs, bracts equal alternate subacute. H. mamlatuii,. Sin. 

 Very common. VAR. 1, dnereum, Backh. ; ashy green or glaucous, stem 

 branched, radical leaves few, cauline subentire, heads nearly glabrous, 

 bracts broad more obtuse. Orme's Head. VAR. 2, rubetfcens, Backh. ; green, 

 stem robust purplish, leaves ovate, cauline 1-2, heads few large, bracts 

 broad subacuminate. Settle, Yorkshire. 



Sub-sp. GOTH'ICUM, Fries (sp. ) ; dark green, stem 2-4 ft. rigid slender leafy 



simple or branched above, radical leaves withering in summer shortly 



petioled, cauline ovate or lanceolate acute toothed in the middle, upper 



sessile, heads small few, involucres subglobose dark green glabrous or nearly 



so, bracts imbricate broad obtuse, ligules glabrous, styles yellow or with 



livid hairs. Subalpine districts of York, Wales, Scotland," and Ireland : 



ascending to 1,000 ft. Very distinct at first sight, but intermediates occur 



with Jf. sylvaticum, as also with bvreale. DlSTRlB. N.W. Europe. 



Sub-sp. TKIDENTA'TUM, Fries (sp.) ; green, stem 2-5 ft. rigid leafy subcorym- 



bosely branched, radical leaves or withering in summer obtuse, cauline 



ovate or lanceolate sparingly toothed in the middle acute rounded at the 



base, branches and peduncles slender leafless, involucre constricted in the 



middle after flowering. Hilly districts of N. of England, ascending to 



1,200 ft., also in Cheshire, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent; not found in Ireland. 



-DrsTKiB. Europe from Norway to Italv and Turkey. This forms the 



passage to the Accipitrina group, and should perhaps be referred there. 



SECTION 3. Accipitri'na. Stolons 0. Rootstock without radical leaves, 



forming in autumn closed buds that produce leafy stems the following 



year. Stem erect, very leafy. Invol. bracts imbricate in 2 or many series. 



'Ligules glabrous or minutely pilose at the tip. Fruit short, furrowed, 



without a crenate disk ; pappus-hairs rigid, unequal. 



