HIEIIACIUM.] COMPOSITE. 223 



8. H. prenanthoi'des, Villars ; stem 2-3 ft., branches spreading, 

 leaves oblong or linear-oblong reticulate and glaucous below minutely 

 toothed, lower with amplexicaul petioles, upper cordate and auricled, 

 heads in branched leafy corymbose panicles usually thickly clothed with 

 black gland-tipped hairs, peduncles short floccose, ligules pilose at the 

 tip, styles dark or yellowish. 



Subalpine regions of N. England and Scotland, ascending to 2,400 ft. ; Wicklow 

 only in Ireland; fl. Aug.-Sept. Stem, rigid, hairy or glabrous, leafy, often 

 much branched. Leaves ciliate, hairy on both sides. Peduncles spreading 

 short, hoary. Heads % in. diam. ; involucre cylindric in bud ; bracts few, 

 outer short. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic and Alpine), Siberia. 



Sub-sp. STRIC'TUM, fries (sp.) ; stem hollow, leaves glaucous scarcely amplexi- 

 caul lower lanceolate, peduncles erect or ascending longer straighter and 

 involucres more glabrous, ligules almost glabrous at the tip. H. denticula- 

 tum, Sm. ; H. Jiorreri, Syme. Intermediate between prenanthoLdes and 

 o-ocatum, next to which Syme places it. 



9. H. umbella'tum, L. ; stem 1-2 ft. wiry hairy or shaggy below, 

 leaves narrowly linear or oblong-lanceolate sessile narrowed at the base 

 toothed, heads subumbellate and peduncles stellately downy but hairless, 

 bracts many, tips recurved, ligules glabrous, styles yellow. 



Thickets, &c. in dry and rocky places, from Berwick and Kirkcudbright 

 southwards, ascending to 1,200 ft. in Yorkshire ; local in Ireland ; fl. July- 

 Sept. Usually very distinct, from its short stem, wiry habit, many narrow 

 leaves, large subumbellate glabrous heads and recurved bracts, but varieties 

 pass into o-ocatum. Leaves generally uniform throughout the plant, teeth 

 small distant, reticulate, stellately downy beneath. Involucre ovoid or 

 subcylindric, dark or pale ; peduncles slender, rigid, bracteate. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), Siberia to Kamtschatka, W. Asia to the N.W. Himalaya, 

 E. and W. N. America (//. canadense, Fries). 



VAR.,fi(ifo'lium, Backh. ; stem leafy throughout, leaves very narrow margins 

 revolute quite entire. Lough Neagh. 



10. H. croca'tum, Fries; stem 2-4 ft., glabrous or pilose, 'branches 

 spreading erect or ascending, leaves lanceolate or oblong sessile rounded or 

 truncate at the base toothed or entire often glaucous below, heads lew or 

 many and peduncles downy glabrous or hairy, bracts appressed obtuse, 

 ligules glabrous, style livid or yellow, pappus almost white or discoloured. 

 Mountain districts, from York and Durham northwards ; ascending to 1,200ft. ; 



E. and N. E. of Ireland, rare ; fl. July-Sept. Intermediate between umbel- 

 latum and boreale. DISTRIB. Arctic, Northern, and Mts. of Mid. Europe. 



Sub-sp. INULOI'DES, Tausch. (sp. ) ; branches erect or ascending, leaves linear- 

 lanceolate entire or toothed glabrous above hairy beneath, nerves indistinct, 

 heads few, involucres generally glabrous. Teesdale, Scotch alps, Antrim 

 and Connemara. 



Sub-sp. CORYMBO'SUM, Fries (sp.) ; branches spreading or ascending, leaves 

 ovate irregularly toothed hairy above, glaucous and loosely reticulate 

 beneath, heads many, involucre ultimately truncate sparsely hairy, pappus 

 tawny. //. rigidum, Backh. not Fries. Scotch alps, Yorkshire, and Antrim. 

 Leaves of H. boreale, but upper amplexicaul, more glaucous and nerved. 



11. H. boreale, Fries ; stem 2-4 ft., very hairy below stellately downy 

 above, branches erect or ascending, leaves broad at the base ovate or ovate- 



