224 COMPOSITE. [Hii:i:.virM. 



lanceolate toothed lower petioleil upper broader sessile, heads many in 

 leafy bracteate panicles or corymbs, peduncles floccose, involucre ovoid 

 dark nearly glabrous, bracts broad obtuse, ligules glabrous, style livid 

 or darker. H. sabaudum, Sin. ; H. heterophyllum, Bladon. 

 Hedgebanks and margins of woods, common on railway banks ; rarer in Scot- 

 land ; fl. Aug. -Oct. Stem often reddish, leafy throughout. Learr* with 

 teeth pointing forwards, lowest with villous petioles. Hemh \-\ in. diam. 

 DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, rare in Scandinavia. Allied to gotldcum, but 

 without radical leaves, heads smaller, invol. bracts more numerous. 



ORDER XLIII. CAMPANULACEJE (including LOBELIA CE7E). 



Herbs, rarely shrubs ; juice milky. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Calyx 

 \ or wholly superior ; limb 5-cleft. Corolla epigynous, usually persistent, 

 tube entire or cleft posteriorly ; limb regular or oblique or 2-labiate, 5- 

 lobed, valvate or induplicate in bud. Disk or tumid. Stamens 5, epigy- 

 nous or epipetalous, filaments free or subconnate ; anthers conniving round 



the style, basifixed, free or cohering, equal or unequal, naked or tipped 

 with a pencil of hairs; pollen spherical or oblong. Ovary 2-8-ceIlrd ; 

 style simple, tipped with a ring of hairs or clothed with deciduous hairs ; 

 stigmas 2-8, hairy on the back, glandular internally, coherent till protruded 

 beyond the anthers, then spreading ; ovules many, axile, horizontal, 

 anatropous, placentas fleshy. Fruit 2- or more-celled, a berry, or a capsule 

 dehiscing above or below the calyx -limb by pores or valves, many-seeded. 

 Seeds minute, testa usually pitted, albumen fleshy ; embryo subcylindric. 

 DISTRIB. All regions, most abundant in temp, climates; genera 55; 

 species 800. AFFINITIES. With Goodcniacece, and Cichoracece. PROPER- 

 TIES. Acrid and often poisonous, diuretic. 



SUB-ORDER I. Lobelia cese. Corolla irregular. A nthers cohering in a tube. 



1. Lobelia. 

 SDB-ORDKR II. Campanule'se. Corolla regular. A nthers usually free. 



Corolla campanulate, segments broad 2. Campanula. 



Corolla-segments linear. Anthers free 3. Phyteuma. 



Corolla-segments linear. Anthers connate 4. Jasione. 



1. LOBELIA, /.. 



Perennial herbs. Flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx-tube ovoid or 

 obconic, limb 5-fid. Corolla very irregular ; tube split at the back ; limb 

 2-labiate, 2 upper lobes smaller erect or recurved, 3 lower pendulous. 

 Stamens 5, epipetalons ; anthers connate, all, or the 2 lower only, bearded 

 at the tip. Ovary 2-3-celled ; style filiform, included, girt with a ring of 

 hairs, stigmas 2 broad spreading. Capsule 2-3-celled, top exserted and 

 loculicidally 2-3-valved. Testa pitted. DISTRIB. All but very cold 

 regions ; species about 200. ETYM. Mathias Lobcl, a Flemish botanist. 



1. L. Dortman'na, L. ; leaves all radical submerged subcylindrical 

 2-tistular, scape slender cylindric fistular, flowers drooping. 

 Gravelly mountain lake-bottoms, Scotland, ascending to 1,650ft.; Cumberland, 



Wales, Shropshire, and Ireland ; fl. July- Aug. Roolstock short, stoloni- 



