228 CAMPANULACEJE. [PHYTECMA. 



3. PHYTEU'MA, L. 



Perennial herbs. Radical leaves petioled, canline usually narrow, sessile. 

 Flowers in dense spikes or heads; involucre of several bracts. Culii.r 

 ovoid or obconic ; limb superior 5-fid. Corolla, curved in bud, 5-cleft, 

 segments linear, tardily opening, sometimes at length free. Stcn, 

 spigynous, filaments linear dilated at the base ; anthers free. Ovary 2-3- 

 celled ; style filiform, pilose above, stigmas 2-3 short filiform. Capsule 

 ovoid, dehiscing below the middle by longitudinal valves. Seeds many, 

 ovoid or compressed ; embryo straight, cotyledons divaricating. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, W. Asia ; species about 35. ETYM. Obscure. 



1. P. orbicula're, L. ; glabrous or slightly hairy, heads globose in 

 flower, oblong in fruit, stigmas usually 3. 



Chalk downs, from Kent to Wilts, local ; fl. July-Augr. Rootitwl tuberous 

 below. Stems 6-18 in., several, erect or ascending. Radical leaves 1-2 in., 

 oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, rarely cordate, crenate, long-petioled ; canline 

 few, smaller upwards, narrower, sessile. Heads |-1.^ in. diam. ; bracts 

 short, oblong, acute. Flowers deep blue. Calyx-tube short ; lobes tri- 

 angnlar. Corolla-lobes at length free to the base. Capsule short, usually 

 2-3-celled. DISTREB. Europe from Belgium southwards, S. Russia. 



2. P. spica'ttun, L. ; glabrous, heads oblong or cylindric in flower 

 elongate in fruit, styles very long, stigmas 2. 



Woods and thickets, Waldron and Mayfield in Sussex ; native ? Walton ; 

 fl. May-June. Taller and more robust than P. orbiculare ; stem 23 ft., 

 ribbed. Radical leaves cordate at the base, ovate or oblong ; cauline spread- 

 ing and recurved. Heads 1-4 in., yellowish. Capsule usually 2-celled. 

 DISTRIB. Europe to S. Russia. Formerly cultivated and the root eaten. 



4. JASI ONE, L. SIIEEP'S-BIT. 



Annual or perennial herbs. Radical leaves usually rosulate ; cauline 

 narrow, alternate. Flowers small, in terminal centripetal heads ; invo- 

 lucre of many bracts. Calyx-tube short, limb 5-fid. Corolla regular, 

 5-cleft to the base. Stamens 5, epigynous, filaments free ; anthers connate, 

 their tips free. Ovary 2-celled ; style clavate, with 10 hairy ridges, 

 stigmas 2 short. Capsule opening at the top by 2 gaping valves. Seed> 

 minute, testa shining. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia; species 

 about 10. ETYM. Doubtful. 



1. J. monta'na, L.; hispidly pubescent, leaves obovate-oblong. 

 Heathy pastures and light soils in England, Ireland, and W. of Scotland 

 (Moray only in the E.) ; ascending to 1,000 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. June 

 -Sept. Habit oi Scabloxa. Annual. Stem 6-18 in., branched from the 

 base. Leaves ^-1 in., radical petioled, cauline linear-oblong, obtuse, waved 

 or. crenate, ciliate. Peduncles long, slender, naked. Heads 1-6, %-$ iu. 

 diam., hemispheric; bracts ovate, acute, as long as the lilac-blue flowers. 

 Calyx-tube turbinate ; lobes subulate. Corolla-lobes at first coherent, per- 

 sistent. Capsule small, subglobose.- DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa. W. Asia. 



