PYROLA.] ERICACEAE. 237 



erect, crowned with the style and persistent elongate stigmas. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), except Greece and Turkey, Siberia, N. America. 



12. MONOT'ROPA, L. BlRD's-NEST. 



Simple, brown or pale, erect herbs ; rootstock scaly. Leaves reduced 

 to scales, alternate. Flowers campanulate, in terminal racemes, rarely 

 solitary, uppermost 5-6-merous, the rest 4-merous. Sepals and petah 

 erect, coloured, membranous, saccate at the base. Stamens 8-10, hypogy- 

 nous, filaments subulate ; anthers reniform, 1 -celled, dehiscing across the 

 top, valves very unequal. Ovary 4-5-celled, 8-10-furrowed ; style colum- 

 nar, stigma discoid ; ovules innumerable, on fleshy placentas filling the 

 cavity. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds very many, minute, testa 

 loose reticulate produced at both ends. DISTRIB. N". temp, regions ; 

 species 3 or 4. ETYM. /xoi/oy, one, and Tp6iros, from the curved raceme. 



1. M. Hypop'itys, L. ; flowers racemose, sepals and petals erose 

 obtuse. 



Woods near roots of fir and beech, from Aberdeen and Moray southwards ; 

 local in Scotland ; Mid. Ireland, very rare ; fl. July-Aug. Probably [a 

 parasite, from its colour and habit. Stem 6-12 in., stout, fleshy, cream- 

 white. Scales oblong. Raceme drooping till after fertilization, then erect. 

 Flowers \ in., many, drooping ; pedicels short, erect in fruit ; bracts scale- 

 like. Sepals irregularly disposed. Filaments incurved, the alternate longer ; 

 anthers reaching the stigma. Style short. Fruit ovoid or globose. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), excl. Greece and Turkey, Siberia, Dahuria, N. America. 

 VAB. yla'bra, Bernh.; all glabrous. VAR. hirsu'ta, Roth.; bracts ciliate, inner 

 surface of sepals petals stamens and ovary pubescent. 



ORDER XLV. OLEI'NEJE. 



Shrubs or trees ; branches opposite ; buds terminal, scaly. Leaves opposite, 

 simple, or pinnate with a terminal leaflet, exstipulate. Flowers in terminal 

 or axillary 3-chotomous cymes, small, white or greenish, 1-2-sexual ; pedi- 

 cels opposite, 2-bracteolate. Calyx inferior, 4-lobed or 0. Corolla hypogy- 

 nous, regular, 4-partite, deciduous, rarely 0, or of 4 free petals, valvate in 

 bud. Stamens 2, anthers dorsally inserted, dehiscence inwards. Disk 0. 

 Ovary 2-celled ; style simple or 0, stigma entire or 2-fid ; ovules 2 collateral 

 in each cell rarely 3, pendulous from the septum, anatropous, raphe dorsal. 

 Fruit 1-2-celled, cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed pendulous, testa sometimes 

 winged, albumen fleshy or horny ; embryo straight, cotyledons flat thin. 

 DISTRIB. Trop. and temp, regions, chiefly northern ; genera 24 ; species 

 150. EXCEPTIONS. (British) Petals in Fraxinus, which has 3-ovulate 

 cells. AFFINITIES. With Jasminem. PROPERTIES. Olea europcea yields 

 oil in its fleshy sarcocarp, a bitter bark, and hard durable wood. 0. fra- 

 grans and others yield the odoriferous flowers used to scent China tea. 

 Manna is the produce of several Ashes. Various barks are febrifuges, and 

 that of Ash is cathartic. 



Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Fruit a berry 1. Ligustrum. 



Corolla (in the Brit. sp.). Fruit a samara 2. Fraxinus. 



