SYMPHYTUM.] BORRAGINE^E. 249 



shortly 5-toothed, throat closed by elongate ciliate scales. Stamens 5, on 

 the middle of the corolla, filaments slender ; anthers long, included. Style 

 slender, stigma capitate. Nutlets 4, ovoid, smooth, inserted by a broad 

 perforated base on a flat receptacle, rim of the perforation striate. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia ; species 15. ETYM. doubtful. 



1. S. officina'le, L. ; stem broadly winged above, leaves decurrent. 

 River-banks and watery places, from Forfar southwards; a denizen in N. 



Britain, Watson; frequent in Ireland; fl. May-June. Hispid and hairy. 

 JRootstock branched ; roots fleshy, fibrous. Stem 1-3 ft., stout, angular, 

 branched. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, radical 4-8 in., petioles long, winged ; 

 cauline shortly petioled. Cymes scorpioid ; flowers drooping ; pedicels ^ in. 

 Calyx-lobes small, narrow-lanceolate. Corolla f in., yellow red or purple. 

 Nutlets in., shining. DiSTKiB. Europe, W. Siberia ; a garden escape in 

 the U. States. An old styptic ; young leaves sometimes cooked and eaten. 

 VAR. 1, officina'le proper; corolla ochreous. VAR. 2, pa'tem, Sibthorp (sp*); 

 corolla purple. 



2. S. tufoero'sum, L. ; stem hardly winged, leaves scarcely decurrent. 

 Copses in wet places, from N. Wales and York, to Isla and Elgin ; most com- 

 mon in S. of Scotland ; absent from Ireland ; fl. June-July. Hairy, not 

 hispid, often glandular. Rootstock short, horizontal ; root-fibres slender. 

 Stem 1-2 ft., rather slender, leafy. Radical leaves much as in S. ojficinale 

 in form, but longer petioled. Flowers rather smaller, ochreous DISTRIB. 

 Mid. Europe from France to Turkey. 



3. ANCHU'SA, L. ALKANET. 



Annual or perennial herbs, usually villous and hispid. Flowers in 

 scorpioid cymes, usually bracteate, blue or purple, rarely white or yellow. 

 Galijx 5 -fid or -partite. Corolla-tube straight or curved, throat closed by 

 hairs or scales ; limb oblique or spreading, 5-partite. Stamens included. 

 Nutlets 4, rugose or granulate, inserted by a very broad deeply concave 

 base on a flat receptacle, rim of the concavity often wrinkled. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, W. Asia ; species 30. ETYM. doubtful. 



SECTION 1. Lycopsis, L. (gen.). Corolla-tube curved, equalling or 

 exceeding the oblique limb. Nutlets with the ring equal at the base. 

 1. A. arven'sis, Bieb. ; hispid, bristles tuberous-based. Bugloss. 

 Cornfields and waste places in light soils ; ascends to 1,000 ft. in the High- 

 lands ; fl. June-July. Annual ; root fusiform. Stem simple below, -1^ ft., 

 angular, rather slender. Leaves, radical 1-4 in., petioled, obovate-lanceolate ; 

 cauline linear-oblong, sessile, acute, margin waved and toothed, upper 

 J-amplexicaul. Cymes 45 in., terminal, simple or forked, short, at length 

 elongate, drooping, recurved ; bracts leafy ; flowers subsessile. Calyx-lobes 

 % in., narrow. Corolla ^ in. diam., bright blue, scales white. Nutlets small, 

 reticulate. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Siberia, W. Asia to N.W. India; introd. 

 in the U. States. 



SECTION 2. Anchu'sa proper. Corolla-tube straight, equalling or ex- 

 ceeding the limb. Nutlets with the basal ring not produced. 



A. OFFICINA'LIS, L. ; densely softly hispid, leaves narrow-lanceolate. 

 Ballast hills, Hartley Links, Northumberland ; also found near Glasgow ; an 



