LITHOSPERMUM.] BORRAGINEJE. 251 



Copses on limestone and chalk, very rare, Wales, Somerset, Devon, Kent ; 

 fl. June-July. Rooistock creeping, woody, slender. Steins 1 ft., scabrid, 

 flowering 1-2 ft., leafy, rigid, simple or branched. Leaves 1^-3 in., rather 

 softly strigose. Cymes terminal, few-flowered ; bracts large, leafy ; pedicels 

 very short. Calyx-lobes very slender, much shorter than the corolla. Corolla 

 | in., bright blue-purple. Nutlets 1-2, nearly globose, shining. DISTRIB. 

 Europe from Belgium southwards. 



5. MERTEN'SIA, Roth. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves usually obovate, lower petioled, upper sessile. 

 Flowers in terminal cymes, blue-purple. Calyx 5-fid or -partite. Corolla- 

 tube cylindric, limb campanulate, 5 -fid or -partite, throat naked or with 

 5 transverse folds between the stamens. Stamens 5, towards the top of 

 the corolla-tube. Style filiform, lengthened after flowering, stigma obtuse. 

 Nutlets 4, inserted by a contracted base on a small 2-4-lobed receptacle, 

 rather fleshy, smooth or rough. DISTRIB. N. and Arctic Europe, Asia, and 

 America ; species 20. ETYM. Prof. F. C. Mertens, a German botanist. 



1. M. marit'ima, Don; glabrous, glaucous, leaves ovate or obovate. 

 Sea-shores, Wales, Lancashire, and Cumberland, common on the W. coast of 

 Scotland, rare on the E. ; N. and E. of Ireland ; fl. May-June. Succulent. 

 Rootstock fleshy, dark brown, branched, stoloniferous. Stems 1-2 ft., decum- 

 bent, leafy, much branched. Leaves 2-farious, 1-3 in., lower petioled, 

 upper sessile, fleshy, marked with prominent callous points when dry. 

 Cymes dichotomous, with 2 opposite leafy bracts at the base ; pedicels short, 

 decurved in fruit. Calyx angular in fruit ; lobes ovate. Corolla J in. diam., 

 campanulate, 5-lobed to the middle, pink then blue, throat with 5 folds. 

 Nutlets flattened, large, fleshy, outer coat becoming inflated and papery, 

 rounded at the back. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic) southwards to Denmark, 

 N. and Arctic shores of Asia and America. 



6. PULMONA'RIA, Tournef. LUNGWORT. 



Perennial herbs ; rootstock creeping. Radical leaves usually terminating 

 sterile branches. Flowering -stems simple. Cymes terminal. Flowers often 

 polygamous or dimorphic, purple white or pink in bud. Calyx 5-augled 

 at the base, 5-fid, after flowering campanulate, lobes erect. Corolla funnel- 

 shaped, 5-cleft, with 5 pencils of hairs between the stamens. Stamens 5, 

 included. Stigma subglobose, 2-lipped. Nutlets 4, turbinate, smooth, 

 sessile by a truncate base on a flat receptacle. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia; 

 species 5. ETYM. pulmo, from its former use in lung complaints. 



1. P. angustifo'lia, L. ; leaves narrow-lanceolate cauline sessile. 

 Copses, &c. on clay soil ; Isle of Wight, Hants, and Dorset ; fl. April-June. 

 Rootstoek short, stout; root-fibres fleshy. Stem 1-1| ft., hairy, hardly hispid, 

 brittle. Leaves, radical 6-10 in., petioled, often spotted with pale green ; 

 cauline sessile, much smaller, more oblong, acute, ^-amplexicaul. Cymes 

 short, much incurved, bracts leafy; pedicels rather slender. Calyx-lobes 

 lanceolate, in., enlarging in fruit. Corolla f in., pink, then bright blue. 

 Nutlets smooth, black. DISTSIB. Europe, excl. Greece and Turkey. 



P. OFFICINA'LIS, L. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. 

 Woods and copses, S. of Scotland and England ; rare and naturalized only. 



