254 BORRAGINE^E. [MY<.<..TI-. 



8. M. versic'olor, Reich.; annual, lower leaves suhsessile, calyx shortly 

 campanulate cleft 4 way with many spreading hooked and few straight 

 hairs, closed in fruit, corolla ^ in. diani. usually concave yellow then dull 

 blue, tube long. 



Waste grounds ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. April-June. 

 Stems 3-12 in., usually much branched from the base. Leaves -1 in., linear- 

 oblong, subacute, strigose. Cymes elongate ; flowers not secund, lowest 

 sometimes bracteate. Style nearly as long as the calyx. AV/V/.v black, 

 bordered. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia ; introd. in the U. States. 



7*. ASPER'UGO, Tournef. MAD WORT (MADDERWORT). 

 An annual hispid procumbent herb. Radical leaves petioled ; cauline 

 alternate subopposite or whorled. Cymes axillary, 1-3-flowered ; flowers 

 on short recurved pedicels, small, blue. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, with alter- 

 nating teeth ; lobes leafy, spreading, veined, enlarged after flowering, and 

 forming a compressed 2-lipped laciniate covering to the fruit. Corolla 

 funnel-shaped, throat closed by scales ; lobes 5, rounded. Stamens included. 

 Stigma subcapitate. Nutlets laterally compressed, subacute, tubercled, 

 attached by the edge to an elevated receptacle. DISTUIB. Europe (Arctic), 

 W. Asia to N.W. India. ETYM. asper, from the rough leaves. 



A. PROCUM'BENS, L. ; stem prickly, leaves linear-oblong. 

 Waste places, rare, from Moray southwards ; a denizen, Watxnn ; fl. May- 

 July. Stem 1-2 ft., stout or slender, soft, simple or branched, sharply 

 ridged, covered with scattered short hooked prickles. Leaves 2-5 in., lower 

 petioled, uppermost sessile, variable in form, obtuse or acute, thin, hispid. 

 Cymes reduced to 1-3 axillary flowers ; pedicels very short, decurved in 

 fruit. Corolla Jin. diam. , blue-purple. Fruiting-catyx Jin. broad; lips 

 unequal, fan-shaped, palmately lobed. Receptacle of nutlets with 2 mem- 

 branous scales formed of the detached cuticle of the calyx. 



8. CYNOGLOS'SUM, Tournef. HOUND'S-TOXGUE. 

 Coarse hispid villous or silky biennial herbs. Flowers small, blue 

 purple or white, in forked cymes, usually ebracteate. Calyx 5-partite. 

 Corolla funnel-shaped, mouth closed by prominent scales ; lobes obtuse. 

 Stamens included. Style rigid, persistent in fruit, stigma entire or notched. 

 Nutlets 4, depressed or convex, covered with hooked or barbed bristles, 

 peltately attached to a thickened conical receptacle. DISTKII:. 'IVmp. ana 

 trap, regions, especially Asiatic; species about 40. ETYM. KVUIV and 

 y\ffffa, dog's tongue, from the texture of the leaf surface. 



1 . C. officina'le, L. ; hoary with soft rather appressed hairs, nutlets 

 with a thickened border. 



Fields and waste places, not common, from Ross and E. Scotland southwards ; 

 S.E. of Ireland, rare ; fl. June-July. Root fleshy, tapering. Stem 1-2 ft., 

 stout, erect, branched, leafy. Leaves, radical 8-10 in., long-petioled, 

 oblong or obloug-lanceolate ; cauline sessile, linear-oblong or oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the base. Cymes lengthening to 

 6-10 in.; pedicels recurved, stout, lower often bracteate. Calyx-lobes oblong, 

 obtuse, enlarged to in. in fruit. Corolla A in. diam., dull red-purple. 

 Nutlets % in., face flat ovate covered with short hooked spines; border 



