LITTORELLA.] PLANTAGINE^. 259 



mentary. FEMALE fl. usually 2 at the base of the male scape. Sepals 3-4, 

 unequal. Corolla urceolate, mouth 3-4-toothed. Stamens 0. Ovary flagon- 

 shaped, 1 -celled ; style very long, rigid ; ovule 1 rarely 2, erect, campy- 

 lotropous, flanked by a column of placental tissue. Fruit bony. Seed 

 erect, testa membranous. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic) except Turkey, 

 Azores. ETYM. littus, from growing near shores. 



1. Ii. lacus'tris, L. ; leaves fleshy lacunose internally. 

 Sandy or gravelly edges of lakes and ponds ; ascends to 1,600 ft. in the High- 

 lands ; fl. Aug. Glabrous or puberulous, often forming a matted turf. 

 Rootstock creeping, white, stoloniferous. Leaves 1-4 in., linear-subulate, 

 sheathing at the base. MALE fl. Scape axillary, much shorter than the 

 leaves, 1-2-bracteate below the middle, papillose. Sepals \ in. obtuse, green, 

 edges scarious. Stamens long ; anthers very large, pale. FEMALE fl. subsessile, 

 enclosed in lanceolate bracts. 



ORDER LIII. SCROPHULARI NE^E. 



Herbs or shrubs (rarely trees). Leaves, lower opposite or whorl ed, upper 

 alternate, rarely all opposite or alternate and stipulate. Inflorescence vari- 

 ous, flowers usually irregular, peduncles 2-bracteate at the forks. Calyx 

 inferior, usually persistent, 5-merous. Corolla hypogynous ; lobes 4-5, 

 imbricate or subvalvate in bud. Stamens 4, rarely 2 or 5, inserted on the 

 corolla-tube, didynamous, with or without a rudimentary 5th ; anthers 

 1- or 2-celled. Disk hypogynous, annular glandular or cup-shaped. Ovary 

 2-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate or 2-lobed ; ovules many, very 

 rarely 2 in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous, placentas on the septum. 

 Fruit a many-seeded capsule, rarely a berry, dehiscence various. Seeds 

 small, testa various, hilum lateral or ventral, albumen fleshy ; embryo 

 straight, rarely curved, radicle next the hilum or lateral. DISTRIB. All 

 climates; genera 180; species about 1,800. AFFINITIES. Many, nearest 

 with Orobanchece, and Solanece. PROPERTIES. A few are purgative, or 

 emetic, or intensely bitter or veiy poisonous. 



SUB-ORDER I. Antirrhinidese. Corolla with the posticous (upper) lobes 



external in bud. 

 TRIBE I. VERBAS'CEJE. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence centripetal. 



Corolla rotate. Stamens 5, declinate, unequal 1. Verbascum. 



TRIBE II. ANTIRRHI'NE.ffi. Lower leaves or all opposite or whorled. 

 Inflorescence centripetal. Corolla personate, tube saccate or spurred. 

 Capsule opening by pores. 



Corolla spurred at the base 2. Linaria. 



Corolla saccate at the base 3. Antirrhinum. 



TRIBE III. CHELO'NEJE. Inflorescence composite. Corolla not spurred 



or saccate. Capsule 2-4-valved 4. Scrophularia. 



TRIBE IV. GRATI'OLEJE. Inflorescence centripetal. Corolla not spurred 



or saccate. Capsule 2-valved 4*. Mimuhis. 



SUB-ORDER II. Rhinan'thidese. Corolla with the posticous (upper) lobes 

 never exterior in bud. 



