288 LABIATsE. [MAKKUHIUM. 



1. M. vnlga're, L. ; leaves broadly ovate crenate, whorls dense-flowered. 

 Waste places, from Fife southwards, not common, perhaps not a native ; rare 

 in Ireland; fl. July-Nov. Hoary,pubescence almost woolly. Jt<i<>tftorl- short, 

 stout. Stem 1-1^ ft., stout, branched, leafy. Leases J-1J in., cordate or 

 cuneate at the base, nerves stout usually diverging from the broad rather 

 long petiole, much wrinkled, leathery. W /tor Is of innumerable partial ones, 

 depressed, axillary, villous. Calyx oblong ; teeth 10, short, spinous, hooked 

 at the tip. Corolla \ in., white ; tube slender ; upper lip long, 2-fid. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia to N.W. India ; introd. in N. America. 

 Aromatic and bitter. Much used as a cough medicine. 



12 STA'CHYS, Z. WOUNDWORT. 



Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves crenate or serrate. Whorls 2- or more- 

 flowered, usually in terminal racemes. Calyx subcampanulate, 5-1 o- 

 nerved, 5-toothed, teeth usually equal. Corolla-tube cylindric, with 

 usually a ring of hairs inside, often incurved above ; throat not dilated ; 

 . upper lip erect or spreading ; lower longer, spreading, 3-lobed, mid-lobe 

 largest, lateral often reflexed. Stamens 4, ascending, 2 lower longest ; 

 anthers conniving, cells parallel or diverging. Style-lobes nearly equal, 

 subulate. Nutlets obtuse. DISTRIB. Chiefly warm N. temp, and oriental 

 regions ; species about 160. ETYM. (rrdxvs, from the spiked inflorescence. 



SUB-GEX. 1. Sta'chys proper. Whirls in elongate interrupted spikes 

 or racemes ; lower or all the bracts foliaceous. AntJier-cells diverging. 



1. 8. sylvat'ica, L. ; perennial, hispid, cauline leaves long-petioled ovate 

 broadly cordate coarsely serrate, whorls 6-12-flowered. 



Woods and shady places, ascending to 1,500 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. July- 

 Aug. Foetid when bruised ; softly hispid. RooUtock creeping, stolon iferous. 

 Stem 1-3 ft., rather slender, solid, simple or branched. Leaves 2-4 in., 

 petiole often longer, radical withering early. Spikes 4-8 in., hairy and glan- 

 dular ; lower bracts serrate, upper lanceolate quite entire ; bracteoles minute ; 

 pedicels short. Calyx-teeth triangular-subulate, spinescent. Corolla $-$ in., 

 red-purple ; tube equalling or exceeding the calyx ; lower lip variegated 

 with white. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, N.W. Himalaya. 



2. S. palus tris, L. ; perennial, hairy, cauline leaves shortly petioled or 

 sessile ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, whorls 8-10-flowered. 



River-banks and moist places, ascends to 1,500 ft. in Northumberland ; fl. 

 July-Sept. Habit, &c. of S. sylvatica, but leaves much narrower ; stem 

 stouter and hollow ; hairs less coarse ; odour not so disagreeable, and flowers 

 paler. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, Dahuria, W. Asia to the Himalaya, 

 E. and W. N. America. 



,s'. ti HI >>/''/ ita, Sm. (sp. ), is a hybrid nearer gi/fvatica than paltutrit, with leaves 

 always shortly petioled, fruit never maturing. Cultivated ground, not 

 uncommon. Other hybrids nearer to 2>alustris than to sylvatica are more 

 common. 



3. S. german'ica, L. ; biennial, shnggy with white silky hairs, caulino 

 leaves shortly petioled ovate-oblong or lanceolate, spikes stout, whorls 

 very dense-flowered lower remote. 



Fields and roadsides on dry soil, very rare, Bedford, Norfolk, Oxford, Kent ; 

 an alien or denizen, Walton ; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock stoloniferous. Sit-in 



