296 VERBENACE& ;[VEiir.F.x.\. 



in each cell, erect. Capsule splitting into 4 ribbed nutlets. DISTRIK. 



Almost wholly American ; species 70. ETYM. Classical and obscure. 

 1. V. officina'lis, L. ; leaves opposite, flowers spiked. 



Dry waste ground, local, from Northumberland southwards ; absent from 

 Scotland ; S. and Mid. of Ireland, local ; fl. July-Sept. Perennial, his- 

 pidly pubescent. Rootstock woody. Stems 1-2 ft., rigid, branched above. 

 L HI-I.-K oblong, pinnatitid or 3-partite, lobes acute or obtuse, upper narrower. 

 Spikes dense-flowered, afterwards elongating ; bracts ovate, acute, ^ as long 

 as the calyx, which is \ as long as the corolla-tube. Corolla lilac, limb fa in. 

 diam. Nutlets truncate, granulate. DISTRIB. Europe from Denmark 

 southwards, N. Africa, W. Asia to the Caspian and Himalaya ; introd. in 

 N. America. An object of much superstition amongst the ancients. 



ORDER LVII. 



Scapigerous herbs, chiefly aquatic or marsh. Leaves radical, crowded or 

 whorled, undivided or multifid, exstipulate. Flowers solitary racemed or 

 corymbose, irregular, bracteate. Calyx free, persistent, 2-labiate or 5-par- 

 tite. Corolla hypogynous, deciduous, personate or 2-lipped, tube short ; 

 upper lip short 2-fid, lower entire or 3-fid ; palate convex. Stam> /.'.> !, 

 opposite the lateral sepals, hypogynous or inserted on the corolla-tube, 

 filaments short arching ; anthers adnate, 1-celled, transversely 2-valvi-d. 

 Disk 0. Ovary free, 1-celled ; style short, thick, stigma 2-lippcd, 

 upper lip short, lower dilated ; ovules many, anatropous, placenta free 

 basal globose. Capsule 2-valved or bursting irregularly, many-seeded. 

 Seeds minute, oblong or peltate, placenta spongy, testa striate or pitted 

 sometimes pilose, albumen ; embryo straight, with 1 or 2 small coty- 

 ledons. DISTRIB. Chiefly temp, and cold regions ; genera 3 ; species 

 about 130. AFFINITIES. With Primulacece. PROPERTIES unimportant. 



Terrestrial. Stamens on the base of the corolla-tube .1. Pinguicula. 



Aquatic. Stamens on the base of the lip of the corolla 2.- Utricularia. 



1. PINCUI CULA, Tournef. BUTTERWORT. 



Perennial, succulent, simple herbs. Leaves rosulate, qnite entire. 

 Scapes axillary, ebracteate, 1-flowered. Flowers yellow white or purple, 

 inclined or drooping. Calyx unequally 5-partite. Corolla ringent. Sta- 

 mens hypogynous, filaments stout ascending ; anthers terminal. Ovary 

 subglobose. Capsule erect, 2-4-valved. Seeds oblong, testa rugose. : 

 DISTRIB. N. temp, regions, Fuegia. ETYM. pinguis, from the greasy 

 texture. 



1. P. vnlga'ris, L. ; calyx-lobes ovate-oblong obtuse, corolla violet, 

 lips very unequal, spur slender about equalling the lower lip. 

 Wet bogs, &c., rare in the S. of England, common in Scotland and Ireland ; 

 ascends to near 3,000ft. in the Highlands; fl. May-July. Glabrous, except 

 the glandular top of the scape and calyx. Leave* 1-3 in., appressed to the 

 ground, oblong, obtuse, succulent, margins incurved, superficial cells pel- 

 lucid ; petiole broad, very short. Scapes several, 4-6 in. , purplish. Cah/x- 

 loles very variable. Corolla f-1 in. ; lower lip much longer and broader than 



