334 ULMACE^E. [ULMUS. 



1. UL'MUS, L. ELM. 



Ovary 2-celled. Samara winged all round. Cotyledons flat. DISTKII;. 



Of the Order ; species about 13. ETYM. The Latin name. 



1. U. monta'na, Sm. ; seed in the centre of the oblong or suborbicular 



samara. U. campestris, L. herb. ; U. stricta and glabra, Lindl. U. major, 



Sm. Scotch, Wych, or Mountain Elm. 



Woods, indigenous in the N. of England and Scotland, and perhaps in 

 N.E. Ireland; naturalized elsewhere; ascends to 1,300ft. in Yorkshire ; 

 fl. March-April. A large tree, 80-120 ft., trunk attaining 50ft. in girth ; 

 branches long, spreading, weeping or horizontal, bark corky or not ; twigs 

 pubescent. Root sending up suckers, chiefly when cut. Leaves 3-6 in., 

 often 3 in. diam., ovate-oblong, cuspidate, doubly and trebly serrate, 

 unequally rounded or cordate at the base. Calyx in., ciliate, lobes obtuse. 

 Stamens 4-6 ; anthers purple. Samara ^-1 in., very variable in breadtli 

 and the depth of the notch. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia. 

 U. CAMPES'TRIS, Sm. ; seed above the centre of the obovate or oblong 



samara. U. suberosa, Ehr. ; U. minor and glabra, Miller ; U. curj/ini- 



folia, Lindl. Common Elm. 



Woods and hedgerows, rarer in Scotland ; ascends to 1,000ft. in Yorkshire ; a 

 denizen, Watson ; fl. March-May. A very large tree, 125 ft., trunk 40-f.O ft. 

 in girth ; bark rugged. Root sending up abundant suckers. Branches spn ad - 

 ing, but not so horizontally as in U. montana; twigs less downy, often corky. 

 Leaves smaller, 23 in., less cuspidate, often narrow at the base. Calyx smaller. 

 Stameius often 4. Samara 4-^ in. usually obovate. Seed not ripening r. : 

 land. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. An extremely 

 variable tree. Many vars. of this and the preceding are described, but iu 

 the absence of authentically named trees are little deserving of attention. 



ORDER LXXIII. AUOfMBJB. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, deciduous, stipulate. 

 Flowers dioecious, in catkins which usually precede the leaves. Perwntli '. 

 Dusk annular urceolate or glandular. MALE. Stamens 1 or more, in- 

 serted under the disk, filaments free or connate, ; anthers basifixed, burst- 

 ing inwards. FEMALE. Ovary sessile or pedicelled, 1-celled ; styles 2, 

 short, stigmas 2 entire or 2-4-lobed ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas, 

 ascending, anatropous, raphe dorsal. Capsule 1-celled, loculicidal ; valves 

 2, rolling back, ninny-seeded. Seeds minute, testa membranous, funirlr 

 short, with a pencil of silky hairs that conceals the seed, albumen ; 

 embryo straight, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle inferior. DISTKII:. 

 Arctic and N. temp, zones, rare in the tropics and S.; absent from 

 Australia, and the Pacific; genera 2; species 180. AFFINITIES. Very 

 obscure. PROPERTIES. Bitter, astringent, febrifuge, aromatic. 



Leaves broad. Catkins drooping, scales cut 1. Populus. 



Leaves usually narrow. Catkins erect, scales entire 2. Salix. 



1. POP'ULUS, Tourncf. POPLAR. 



Catkins drooping; scales crenate lobed or cut. l>ifk oblique, cupular. 

 Stamens 4-30, filaments free. Stigmas sleuder, 2-4-deft. DISTKIB. N. 

 temp, regions ; species 18. ETYM. The Latin name. 



