358 ORCHIDS^. [EPIPACTIP. 



E. viridiflora, Hoffm.; E. purpurata, Sm. ; E. Ilnlli-burinf, var. curians, 

 Crantz ; E. media, Bab. Flowers earlier than viridans. 



Sub-sp. VIB'IDANS ; leaves broadly ovate, racemes dense, flowers greenish-white 

 rosy inside, sepals incurved shorter than the ovary, lower lobe of lip sub- 

 orbicular, ridges smooth. E. Helleborine, var. viridans, Crantz. 



Sub-sp. RUBIGINO'SA, Koch (sp.) ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, raceme lax, flowers 

 small dingy red-purple, sepals incurved shorter than the ovary, lower 



* lobe of lip broader than long, ridges plaited and rugose. E. oval is, Bab. ; 

 E. media, Fries; E. Helleborine, var. rubiginosa, Crantz. Limestone, local, 

 from Hereford northwards, and in Ireland ; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Yorkshire. 



2. E. palus tris, L. ; leaves lanceolate, bracts mostly short, upper lobe 

 of lip angular lower obtuse crenate, ovary very narrow-pyriform. 

 Marshy places, from Fife southwards to Devon and Kent ; rare in Scotland 

 and Ireland ; fl. July. Stem 8-18 in., slender, wiry, pubescent above. 

 Leaves acute, upper acuminate. Flowers few, | in. broad ; sepals and 

 petals ovate, subacute, green striped with purple ; lip white, streaked with 

 red, lower lobe tubercled towards the base. DISTUIB. Europe, Siberia. 



1O. CEPHALAN THERA, Richard. 



Rootstock creeping. Stems leafy. Leaves subdistichous. Spikes few- 

 flowered ; ovary twisted. Flowers suberect, sepals and petals incurved. 

 Lip decurved, constricted in the middle, upper lobe saccate, lower not 

 tubercled, crested on the disk. AntJier hinged on the contracted top of 

 the column ; pollen-masses 2, powdery, glands connate. Stigma promi- 

 nent ; rostellum 0. Capsule erect. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, Himalaya ; 

 species 4. ETYM. Kf<f>a.\i$ and avOrip, from the position of the tnitln-r. 



1. C. grandiflora, Bab. ; leaves ovate-oblong, lower bracts large much 

 exceeding the almost glabrous ovary, flowers white. White Helleboi-im . 

 Woods and copses chiefly in chalky districts, from Cumberland to Dorset and 



Kent, rare; absent from Ireland; fl. May-June. Stems tufted, 1-2 ft. L>cts 

 3-6 in., upper narrower. Flowers $ in., distant, suberect, cream-white ; 

 sepals and petals ovate-oblong, obtuse ; lower lobe of lip orbicular, erect, 

 yellow. DISTRIB. Europe from Denmark southwards. 



2. C. ensifo iia, Rich. ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, bracts of upper 

 flowers much smaller than the almost glabrous ovaries, flowers white. 

 Woods and copses from Skye and Perth to Hants and Kent, local ; rare in 



Ireland; fl. May- June. Stems 1-2 ft., subsolitary, slender. Upper bracts 

 minute. Leave* usually longer than in C. grandijtora, flowers whiter and 

 narrower, sepals more acute. DISTRIB. Europe, W. Siberia, W. Asia. 



3. C. ru'bra, Rich. ; leaves lanceolate, bracts exceeding the glandular 

 pubescent ovaries, flowers rose-purple. Red Helleborine. 



Woods and copses in chalky districts, Gloucester and Somerset, very rare ; 

 fl. June-July. Stem 6-18 in., slender. Flowers few or many ; sepals and 

 petals acuminate ; lip white, lower lobe ovate-lanceolate. Column, slender. 

 DISTRIB. Europe from Gothland southwards, W. Siberia. 



11. LISTERA, Br. 



Root of fleshy fibres. Leaves 2, subopposite, or 0. Flowers racemed, 

 green or brown. Sepalt and petals spreading and incurved. Lip deflexed, 



