TOFIEUHA.] LJLIACE^. 387 



perianth -segments persistent, spreading, free. Stamens 6, on the base of 

 the segments, filaments filiform ; anthers short, fixed by the back, de- 

 hiscence inwards. Ovary ovoid, 3-gonous ; styles 3, conic, persistent, 

 stigmas obtuse ; cells many-ovuled. Follicles 3, almost free, membranous, 

 oblong, acute. Seeds many, minute, marginal on the valves, cymbiform, 

 testa thin, sometimes produced at each end ; embryo minute, next the 

 hilum. DISTRIB. Alps of Europe, temp. Asia and N. America; species 

 10. ETYM. Tofield, a Yorkshire botanist. 



1. T. palus'tris, Huds. ; bracteoles scarious. T. borealis, Wahl. 

 Mountain rills and bogs, ascending to 2,400 ft. in the Highlands ; Teesdale in 

 England, absent from Ireland ; fl. July- Aug. Leaves tufted, 2-3 in., 3-5- 

 nerved. Scape 4-8 in., naked or 1-2-leaved, slender, terete. Raceme dense- 

 flowered, .^-1 in. ; pedicels short, bracteolate at the base. Flowers % in. 

 diam., pale-green ; segments linear-oblong, obtuse. Capsule J in. diam., 

 subglobose. DISTRIB. Arctic and Alpine Europe, Asia, N. America. 



17. NARTHE'CIUM, Hudson. BOG ASPHODEL. 

 A rigid herb with the habit and leaves of Tofieldia. Flowers racemose, 

 golden-yellow, pedicel 1-bracteate ; perianth-segments subequal, spreading, 

 persistent, erect in fruit. Stamens 6, hypogynous, 3 on the base of the 

 segments, filaments subulate, villous ; anthers linear, fixed by the back, 

 bursting inwards. Ovary narrow-ovoid, 3-gonous, narrowed into the short 

 style, stigma obtuse ; cells many-ovuled. Capsule 3-gonous, namnv, 

 pointed, loculicidally 3-valved above. Seeds many, narrow-oblong, terete, 

 membranous, testa filiform at each end, attached to the inner basal axis of 

 the cell by a hair-like pedicel ; embryo most minute, next the hilum. 

 DISTRIB. Europe N. of the Alps and Pyrenees, N. Asia, N. America. 

 ETYM. vapB-ftKiov, a rod. 



1. N. ossif raRum, Huds. ; perianth-segments linear-oblong. 

 Bogs, ascending to near 3,200 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock 

 wiry, long, slender. Leaves 6-12 in., rigid, strongly ribbed, acuminate. 

 Stem leafless or with 1-2 short ^-amplexicaul leaves. Raceme 2-4 in. ; bracts 

 subulate ; pedicels sometimes bracteolate. Flowers in. diam. ; segments 

 linear-oblong, ribbed and green on the back. Filaments white ; anthers 

 deep-orange. Capsule red, longer than the perianth. 



ORDER IX. JUNCEJE. 



Perennial, rarely annual herbs. Rootstock usually creeping, scaly. Stems 

 erect, usually simple, sometimes septate within, " pith often thick, conti- 

 nuous or interrupted. Leaves slender, flat, or like the stem, or reduced to 

 sheathing scales. Flowers green or brown, in axillary or terminal cymes, 

 regular, 2-sexual, bracteolate. Perianth inferior, scarious or coriaceous ; 

 segments 6 in 2 series, free, subequal, persistent, imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 6, inserted on the bases of the segments, rarely 3 on the outer 

 only, filaments flattened ; anthers basifixed, usually linear, bursting in- 

 wards. Ovary free, of . 3 connate carpels, 1-3-celled ; style short or 0, 

 c c 2 



