SPARGANIUM.] TYPUACE&. 397 



2. S. sim'plex, Hudson ; erect, simple, leaves erect (sometimes floating) 

 keeled 3-gonous below, heads racemose, stigma linear, drupe shortly stalked, 

 fusiform, beak long. 



Ponds, ditches, and river-banks, from Isla and Eoss southwards ; fl. June-July. 

 Stem 1-2 ft. Male heads yellow, sessile ; female peduncled. Drupe 

 narrowed at both ends. DiSTRiB. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



3. S. na'tans, L. ; floating, simple, leaves flat at the base not keeled, 

 heads racemose, stigma tongue-shaped, drupe stalked, beak rather long. 

 Lakes, ditches, &c. from Dorset and Kent northwards ; ascends to near 1,600 ft. 



in the Highlands; fl. July- Aug. Stem 1-3 ft., suberect in flower, leafy, 

 flaccid, upper part floating. Leaves |-^ in. diam. Heads % in. diam., female 

 peduncled DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, W. Asia, N. America. 

 Probably a form of iS. simplex, as suggested by Bentham. 

 VAR. 1, ajfi'ne, Schn. (sp.); sheaths rather inflated, male heads several, drupe 

 fusiform. Lakes in Wales, N. of England, Scotland, and Ireland. VAR. 2, 

 min'inmm, Fries (sp.); sheaths not inflated, male heads solitary, drupe 

 more obovoid. Common. 



2. TY'PHA, L. EEED-MACE, CAT'S-TAIL, BULRUSH. 

 Spikes superposed, cylindric, with occasional deciduous leafy bracts. 

 Perianth of 2-3 extremely slender jointed silky scales. Stamens several, 

 monad el phous ; connective produced. Ovaries stalked, many imperfect ; 

 style very slender, stigma unilateral, narrow. Fruit minute, stalked, 

 dehiscent along the inner face. Seed cylindric, testa striate. DISTRIB. 

 Temp, and trop. ; species 6 or 8. ETYM. -rtyos, a. fen. 



1. T. latifolia, L. ; leaves i 1-J in. broad subglaucous, spikes con- 

 tiguous or nearly so. T. media, DC. 



Lakes, river-banks, &c. from Renfrew and Elgin southwards ; fl. July-Aug. 

 Stem 3-7 ft., terete. Leaves distichous, 3-6 ft., linear, obtuse, nearly flat. 

 Spikes \ to nearly 1 ft., 1 iu. diam., dark brown, silky from the copious 

 filiform perianth scales. Stigma, lanceolate. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, 

 N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



2. T. angustifo'lia, L ; leaves |-J in. broad dark-green not glaucous 

 convex beneath, spikes separate. 



Ditches and ponds, from Fife and Kirkcudbright southwards ; rare in Scotland ; 

 E. of Ireland, very rare ; fl. July. Smaller in all its parts than T. latifolia ; 

 leaves narrower, channelled towards the base ; spikes ^-f in. diam., sepa- 

 rated by -1 in., female often interrupted ; perianth-scafes dilated towards 

 the tip; stigmas broader. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, Dahuria. 

 India, N. America. 



ORDER XIII. ERlOCAUl.ONE.ffi. 



Perennial, scapigerous herbs, usually marsh or aquatic. Leaves chiefly 

 radical, often cellular, sheaths narrow. Flowers minute, usually monoe- 

 cious, in involucrate heads, 1-bracteolate. MALE. Perianth membranous 

 or scarious, outer of 2-3 free segments ; inner a 2-3-lobed tube. Stamens 

 2-3, inserted on the tube opposite its lobes, with sometimes alternate 

 perfect or imperfect ones, filaments inflexed in bud ; anthers fixed by the 

 back, 2-celled, bursting inwards. Ovary rudimentary. FEMALE. Peri- 



