CYPERACE^E. 399 



** Bristles finally exseried far beyond the glumes 5. Eriophorum. 



TRIBE II. RHYNCHOSPO'REJE. Spikelets terete. Glumes 1-2 only flower- 

 ing persistent. Flowers all or sopie only 2-sexual. Perianth or of bristles. 



Bristles 0. Pericarp corky 6. Cladium. 



Bristles 6-12. Fruit compressed 7. Rhynchospora. 



TRIBE III. CYPE'RE.ffi. Spikelets compressed. Glumes distichous, all or most 

 flowering. Flowers 2-sexual. Perianth or of bristles. 



Spikelets 1-2-flowered. Glumes persistent. Bristles 3-5 8. Schcenus, 



Spikelets many-flowered. Glumes deciduous. Bristles 9. Cyperus. 



TRIBE IV. CARICI'NE.ffi. Spikelets terete. Glumes many, all flowering. 

 Flowers 1 -sexual ; male perianth 0. 



Female fl. with a lateral scale 10. Kobresia. 



Female fl. enclosed in a perigynium 11. Carex. 



1. SCIR'PUS, L. 



Leafy or leafless, usually tall, marsh- or water-plants ; rootstock creep- 

 ing. Spikelets several, in terminal or lateral cymes heads or clusters, terete. 

 Glumes imbricate all round the rachis, often 2-fid, all or the 1-2 lowest 

 only flowerless. Flowers 2-sexual. Bristles 6 or fewer, not exceeding the 

 glumes. Stamens 3. Style 2-3-cleft, not swollen at the base, deciduous. 

 Fruit compressed or 3-gonous, top not swollen. DISTRIB. All climates ; 

 species about 50. ETYM. The old Latin name. 

 * Cymes leafless. 



1. S. lacus'tris, L. ; stem terete or nearly so usually leafless, cymes 

 terminal branched longer than the bracts, branches stout with solitary or 

 flustered spikelets, glumes obtiisely 2-lobed rrracronate ciliate. Bulrush. 

 Lakes, ditches, and marshes ; fl. July- Aug. Stems 1-8 ft., spongy, as thick as 



the thumb or less at the base, sheathed. Leaves 0, or short flat and keeled 

 in still water, or long and strap-shaped in streams. Cyme lateral at first, 

 then expanding and overtopping the stem ; branches few, ^-3 in., strict, 

 stout. Spikelets 1-6, ^-^ in., sessile, cyliiidric in flower, ovoid in fruit, red- 

 brown. Glumes mucronate or awned. Bristles 4-6, shorter than the broad 

 fruit. DISTRIB. Arctic Europe, all temp, and many trop. regions. 



Sub-sp. LACUS'TRIS proper ; stem terete green, leaves often floating, glumes 

 glabrous, anther-tips ciliate, fruit 3-gonous. 



Sub-sp. TABERN^EMON'TANI, Gmel. (sp. ) ; stem terete glaucous, floating leaves 

 0, glumes scabrid, anther-tips glabrous, fruit compressed. S. glaucus, Sir.. 

 Usually near the sea, from Forfar and Isla southwards. 



Sub-,p. CARINA'TUS, Sm. (sp.); stem green obtusely 3-gonous above, glumes 

 smooth, anther-tips glabrous, fruit compressed. Tidal rivers from Middle- 

 sex and Kent to Sussex. 



2. S. trique'ter, L. ; stem 3-quetrous usually leafless, cyme lateral, 

 branches short stout, spikelets solitary or few elongate ovoid, glumes 

 obtusely 2-lobed mucronate. 



Muddy tidal banks of the Thames and Arun; fl. Oct. Rootstock slender. 

 Stems 1-3 ft., strict, spongy, concave on one side. Leaves 0, or very short 

 on the upper sheath. Spikelets in sometimes sessile clusters. Glumes ob- 

 ovate, brown, smooth. Anther-tip glabrous. Bristles 2-6. Fruit obovoid, 

 3-gonous, smooth, shining. DISTKIB. Europe from Denmark southwards. 



