404 CYPERACE^. [ERIOPHORUM. 



4. E. grac'ile, Koch ; stem very slender 3-gonous, leaves very narrow 

 3-quetrous throughout channelled, bracts 1-2 small, spikeiets 3-6, 

 fruit narrowly obovate-lanceolate obtuse not mucronate. 

 Bogs, very rare, Halnaby, Yorkshire, and between Guildford and Woking ; fl. 

 June-July. A doubtful species, intermediate between sub-sp. angustifulium 

 and latifolium. Stem very slender, 1-2 ft. ; leaves short, exceedingly narrow ; 

 peduncles scabrid ; heads small ; glumes broad, obtuse, distinctly ribbed, 

 brown, without scarious margins; fruit very narrow. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic), Siberia, N. America. 



e. CLADIUM, P. Brawn. 



Coarse, harsh, perennial, usually tall grassy herbs. Spikelets terete, 

 usually panicled or cymose. Glumes few, concave, imbricate all round 

 the rachis, 1-3 only flowering. Flwmrs 2-sexual, or the lower male. 

 Bristles 0. Stamens 2-3. Style deciduous, tumid but not jointed at the 

 base, stigmas 2-3. Fruit globose ovoid or 3-gonous, mucronate or 

 beaked, pericarp thick corky, endocarp hard. DISTRIB. All climates 

 except very cold ; species about 20. ETYM. K\d$os, a twig. 



1. C. Maris'cus, Dr.; stem terete, spikelets clustered on the branches 

 of many crowded compound cymes. 



Bogs and marshes, local ; Sutherland, Wigton, and Berwick only in Scotland ; 

 more frequent in Ireland ; fl. July-Aug. Rootstock stout, creeping. Stems 

 2-5 ft., stout, erect, terete or obscurely 3-gonous, very leafy. Leaves 2-4 ft., 

 iin. diam., rigid, glaucous, channelled, keeled, margins serrulate, points very 

 long. Cymes axillary and terminal, corymbose ; branches 1-3 in., erect or 

 recurved, bracts setaceous. Spikelets in., crowded in pedicelled heads i in. 

 diam. Glumes 5-6, obtuse, pale-brown, lower short, upper oblong-lanceo- 

 late, flowering. Flowers about 2, one fertile. Stamens usually 2 ; anthers 

 apiculate. Fruit small, ovoid, 3-gonous, beaked, brown ; endocarp thick. 

 DISTRIB. Europe from Gothland southwards, N. Africa, Siberia. 



7. RHYNCHO SPORA, Vahl. 



Perennial, tufted, leafy sedges. Spikelets terete, in axillary and terminal 

 corymbs or panicles. Glumes imbricate all round the rachis, 1-2 only 

 flowering. Flowers 2-sexual, or the upper 1 -sexual. Bristles 6 or more, 

 rarely 0. Style-base tumid, hardened, persistent, stigmas 3. Fruit com 

 pressed or 3-gonous, tipped by a tumid tubercle. DISTRIB. Temp, and 

 trop.; species about 50. ETYM. $6vxo* and avopd, from the beaked fruit. 



1. R. alba. Vahl ; spikelets pale 1-flowered, bristles many barbed, 

 stamens 2, fruit obovoid contracted below equalling the tumid tubercle. 

 Spongy bogs and wet meadows ; fl. June-July. Rootslock short. Stems6-18 in., 



very slender, 3-gonous above. Leaves snbsetaceous, very narrow, channelled. 

 Corymb* small, -jf in. diam., terminal and axillary, long-peduncled, flat- 

 topped ; bracts leafy. Spikelets 1 in., crowded, white or pale brown. Glume* 

 oblong -lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, membranous. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic), excl. Greece and Turkey, Siberia, N. America. 



2. R. fus'ca, R. and S. ; spikelets dark-brown, bristles 6 barbed up- 

 wards, stamens 3, fruit obovoid equalling the triangular serrulate tubercle. 

 Bogs in Glamorgan, Somerset and Dorset, very rare ; more common in S.W. 



