408 CYPERACEJE. [CAREX. 



1-3 ft., stouter than in C. divisa, leafy, 3-gonous, scaberulous above. Leave* 

 J-J in. broad, flat. Spike -3 in., subdistichous, pale brown, sometimes 

 compound at the base, the upper and lower spikelets usually wholly male, 

 intermediate chiefly male ; bract never large and leafy. Fruit ovoid, 

 ferruginous. DISTBIB. Europe, Siberia, Dahuria, N. America. 



8. C. arena'ria, L. ; stem short, spike oblong, bracts setaceous, peri- 

 gynia substipitate elliptic-ovoid ribbed winged exceeding the subaristate 

 glumes, wing broad and 2-fid beak serrulate. 



Sandy sea-shores; fl. June. Very near C. disticha,b\it habit different, shorter; 

 leaves rigid, curved ; glumes more mucronate, and fruit with a broad coria- 

 ceous wing. Rootstock very long, stout, branched, binding the sands. Stems 

 8-12 in., stout, curved, 3-quetrous, scabrid above. Leaves chiefly radical, 

 stiff, margins involute. Spike 1-3 in., compressed, pale brown. Spitelet* 

 many, lower female, upper usually male, intermediate 2-sexual. Fruit 

 plano-convex, chesnut, shining. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia. 



** Spikelets male at the top only, in compound heads spikes or panicles, (rarely 

 simply spiked or capitate in 11, muricata ; see also 7, disticha.) 



9. C. panicula ta, L. ; stout, spikelets many in an elongate panicle, 

 perigynia ovoid truncate below broadly 3-gonous ribbed equalling the pale 

 margined ovate subaristate glumes, beak slender 2-toothed serrulate. 



Wet copses and marshes ; fl. June-July. Rootstock tufted, densely matted, 

 forming large tussocks sometimes 2-4 ft. Stems 1-4 ft., leafy, stout, 

 3-quetrous, scaberulous above. Leaves harsh, long, narrow, flat. Panicle 

 26 in., very variable, rarely redticed to a simple spike, pale brown. K ranches 

 short; bracts or setaceous. Spikelets crowded, pale brown. /"///////<'" 

 truncate or cordate at the base, opaque, gradually narrowed into the long 

 beak. Fruit ovoid, base narrowed, biconvex, base of style tumid. DISTKIB. 

 Europe from Sweden southwards, Canaries, W. Siberia. 



10. C. teretms cula, Good. ; slender, panicle ovoid spikelike, spike- 

 lets few, perigynia spreading ovoid turgid ribbed below exceeding the 

 ovate acuminate glumes, beak long rough 2-toothed. 



Bogs and wet meadows, from Lanark and Moray to Devon and Kent ; fl. June. 

 Allied to C. paniculata, but habit different ; rootstock creeping ; stems 

 wiry, much more slender, never forming tussocks ; spike shorter, broader, 

 more simple ; perigynia brown, shining, ribbed only at the base, l-'ruit 

 obpyriform, biconvex. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), except Turkey, Canaries, 

 Himalaya, N. America, N. Zealand. C. Ehrhartiana, Hoppe (C. pseitdo- 

 paradoxa, Gibs.), with more numerous stems and a larger more interrupted 

 spike, found near Manchester, seems hardly a variety. 



Sub-sp. PARADOX'A, Willd. (sp.) ; rootstock tufted, panicle elongate inter- 

 rupted, fruit less shining more ribbed. Bogs, very rare ; Norfolk, York- 

 shire, Westmeath. A dubious plant ; after examining specimens from 

 all the localities, I regard it as a sub-species of teretiuscula, of which 

 it has the foliage and most other characters. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic) 

 Siberia. 



11. C. murica'ta, L. ; slender, spikelets few green sqnarrose in spikes or 

 slender panicles, bracts or setaceous, perigynia spreading elliptic-ovoid 

 smooth longer than the acuminate glumes, beak broad serrulate 2-fid. 

 Marshes, copses, and wet meadows, from Elgin and Dumbarton southwards ; 



