412 CYPEEACE^E. [CARKX. 



f" Leaves unth revolute or recurved margins (best seen when dry). 



23. C. rig Ida, Good. ; stout, leaves broad short recurved, sheaths all 

 leafing, edges not filamentous, spikelets erect short, perigynia obovoid 

 lenticular green equalling the obtuse dark glumes, beak very short smooth. 

 Stony alpine localities, from N. Wales and Yorkshire northwards, ascending to 



4,300 ft. in the Highlands ; W. and N. of Ireland ; fl. June-Aug. Root- 

 stock creeping, tufted or not. Stems rigid, 3-quetrous, usually curved, nearly 

 smooth. Leaves many, stiff, keeled, -^ in. broad. Bracts never much ex- 

 ceeding the stem. Spikelets very variable, subsessile ; male cylindric, clavate 

 or fusiform, sometimes female below ; females 3-5, - in., sometimes pedi- 

 celled, obtuse, cylindric or oblong, sometimes male at the top. Glumes 

 dark, mid-rib green, edges narrow, pale. Perigynia broad, smooth, substi- 

 pitate. DISTRIB. Arctic and Alpine Europe, N. Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



24. C. acu ta. L. ; rigid, leaves long broad, sheath-edges not filamentous, 

 spikelets many long, perigynia compressed green broader than the dark 

 narrow glumes, beak very short entire. C. gracitts, Curtis. 



Watery places, from Argyle and Moray southwards ; fl. May-June. Rootstock 

 tufted, stoloniferous^or not. Stem 2-3 ft., 3-quetrous, smooth or scaberulous. 

 Leaves equalling the stem, \-\ in. broad, flaccid, lowest sheaths sometimes 

 leafless. Spikelets 1-4 in., many, inclined, subsessile, sometimes long-pedi- 

 celled ; males 2-4, stout or slender ; females 3-5. Glumes obtuse acute or 

 cuspidate, midrib green. Perigynia elliptic or suborbicular, smooth, sub- 

 stipitate, variable in size and breadth ; ribs faint, beak smooth. Fruit plano- 

 convex, orbicular or obovoid. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia, 

 E. and W. N. America. Perigynia sometimes antheriferous. 



25. C. stric ta, Good. ; slender, leaves long erect flat, sheath-edges 

 filamentous, lower leafless, spikelets sessile, perigynia orbicular-ovoid com- 

 pressed green nerved much larger than the oblong obtuse dark glumes, 

 beak very short notched. C. ccespitosa,, Gay not L. 



Marshy places, local, from Durham and Westmoreland to Kent and Dorset ; 

 common in Ireland ; fl. May-June. Rootstock in large dense tufts. ,V. n,x 

 1-3 ft., 3-quetrous, slightly scabrid above. Leaves - in. diam., long, 

 flaccid ; leafless sheaths long, strict, red-brown, shining. Bracts 0, or very 

 variable. Spikelets ^-2 in., erect, cylindric ; males 1-2, slender ; females 

 1-3, sometimes male above, stout. Olumes in about 8 rows, pitchy, midrib 

 green ; of the male very narrow, subacute. Perigynia large, much com- 

 pressed, ribs slender. Fruit oblong. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa. 

 H* Leaves wit/i incurved or involute margins (best seen when dry). 



26. C. aquatilis. Wahl.; stems stiff, leaves long erect flat, spikelets 

 3-6 cylindric, perigynia suborbicular compressed pale smooth nerveless 

 rather larger than the dark obtuse glumes, beak short smooth or 0. 



Bogs and marshes in Lanark, Fife, Forfar, and Aberdeen ; ascending to 

 3,300ft.; absent from Ireland ; fl. June-Aug. Rootstock tufted, creeping, 

 stoloniferous. Stem 10-24 in., 3-gonous, stout, polished, leafy below. Leaves 

 -j^in., broad; sheaths all leafing, not filamentous. Spikelets 1-2^ in., 

 slender, lower usually pedicelled ; males 1-3, more slender and pale ; bracts 

 long, leafy. Glumes oblong or ovate, midrib bright green, margins not 

 pale. Perigynia much compressed, very pale brown. Fruit variable, ovoid 

 obovoid or orbicular, lenticular or 3-quetrous. DISTRIB. Scandinavia 

 (Arctic), Greenland, N. America. 



