CAREX.] CYPERACE^. 421 



Sub-sp. SAXAT'ILIS, L. (sp.) ; stem 4-10 in., male spikelet 1 rarely 2, female 

 small ,-j-^ in. ovoid very dark, perigynia ovoid ribs faint or with a short 

 notched or 2-fid beak, stigmas usually 2. C. pulla, Good. ; C. vesicaria, 

 var. alpigena, Fries. Bogs in the Scotch Alps from Ben Lomond northwards, 

 from 2,500 ft. to near 3,100 ft. DISTRIB. Scandinavia, N. Russia, N. 

 America. I cannot escape the conviction that this totally different-looking 

 plant, with very different spikelets perigynia and stigmas, is an alpine form 

 of C. vesicaria, to which var. Grakami forms a passage. I accept Boott's 

 authority for its being the true saxatilis of Linn., from the testimony of both 

 Linnaeus' Herbarium, and of his pupil Solander (in Herb. Banks). The 

 Swedish authorities, however, refer saxatilis to rigida. 



55. C. ampulla'cea, Good. : stout, leaves involute glaucous, female 

 spikelets stout cylindric pale, perigynia spreading ovoid inflated ribbed 

 exceeding the obovate-lanceolate scarious-tipped glumes, beak very slender 

 2-cuspidate smooth. 



Marshes and bogs, ascending to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; fl. June. Root- 

 stock tufted and creeping. Stem 1-2 ft., 3-gonous, smooth, angles obtuse. 

 Male spikelets 2-3, slender, sometimes fern, at the base ; female 2-4, 1-2^ in., 

 sessile or pedicelled. inclined, often squarrose, dense-flowered ; bracts over- 

 topping the stem, sheath 0. Glumes much as in C. vesicaria, and perigynia 

 similar and shining, but much smaller, yellow-brown, -J in., as broad as 

 long, 3-quetrous, horizontal or deflexed when ripe, abruptly contracted into 

 the long beak. Fruit obovoid, yellow. DISTKLB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, 

 Himalaya, N. America. 



56. C. Pseudo-cype'rus, L. ; stout, leaves broad, male-spikelets soli- 

 tary, female very long-pedicelled drooping cylindric, perigynia stipitate 

 spreading elliptic-lanceolate ribbed green equalling the narrow awned 

 glumes, beak very long smooth 2-cuspidate. 



Banks of rivers, lakes, &c. from York and Lancaster southwards to Kent and 

 Devon ; local and rare in Ireland ; fl. June. Rootstock tufted. Stems 1-3 ft., 

 3-quetrous, scabrid. Leaves ^ in. broad, flat, scabrid. Spikelets towards 

 the top of the stem ; male slender, 2-3 in., pale, often female at the top ; 

 female 4-5, 2-3 in., subsquarrose, pale green ; pedicels capillary curved some- 

 times 4 in. ; bracts overtopping the stem, very broad, sheath 0. Glumes 

 small, lanceolate or subulate, awn serrate. Perigynia \ in., slender, hori- 

 zontal or deflexed, 3-gonous, shining, ribs many close ; beak rigid, pungent, 

 deeply split. Fruit pale, 3-gonous, style persistent. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 Temp. N. and S. Africa, Asia, America, Australia. 



57. C. paludo'sa, Good.; tall, stout, leaves broad glaucous, male 

 spikelets stout, anthers mucronate, female erect dark cylindric, perigynia 

 ovoid ribbed exceeding the lanceolate awned glumes, beak short 2-toothed. 

 River-banks and ditches, from Ross southwards ; ascending to 1,200 ft. in 



Northumberland ; E. and N.E. of Ireland, rare and local ; fl. May-June. 

 Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stems 2-3 f t. , 3-qnetrous, scabrid. Leaves 

 erect, ^-J in. broad, flat, sheath-edges filamentous. Bracts erect, long, 

 broad. Spikelets rather close ; males 2-3, 1^-2 in., dark brown, some- 

 times fern, at the base ; female shortly pedicelled. Glumes of male fl. 

 obtuse, brown with hyaline tips, upper cuspidate ; of fern, cuspidate or with a 

 serrulate awn (C. Koc/nana, DC.). Perigynia 3-gonous, gradually narrowed 

 into the beak, angles acute, upper part granulate. Fruit lenticular or 3- 



